Abstract: A reverse osmosis membrane treatment system is provided with a first reverse osmosis membrane treatment device wherein water to be treated is passed through a first reverse osmosis membrane to obtain first permeate water and first concentrated water, and at least a second reverse osmosis membrane treatment device, wherein the first permeate water is passed through a second reverse osmosis membrane to obtain second permeate water and second concentrated water. The permeation flux per 1 MPa of effective pressure for the second reverse osmosis membrane is lower than the permeation flux per 1 MPa of effective pressure for the first reverse osmosis membrane, and the permeation flux per 1 MPa of effective pressure for the second reverse osmosis membrane is 0.5 m3/m2/d or less.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus comprises a replaceable consumable, a determination unit for determining whether the consumable is non-genuine (S12), a first image-quality adjustment unit, and a second image-quality adjustment unit. When the determination unit determines that the consumable is non-genuine (YES in S12), the first image-quality adjustment unit performs an image-quality adjustment suitable for the non-genuine consumable (S13). When the determination unit determines that the consumable is genuine (No in S12), the second image-quality adjustment unit performs an image-quality adjustment suitable for the genuine consumable (S14).

Abstract: The image forming apparatus comprises a replaceable consumable, a determination unit for determining whether the consumable is non-genuine (S12), a first image-quality adjustment unit, and a second image-quality adjustment unit. When the determination unit determines that the consumable is non-genuine (YES in S12), the first image-quality adjustment unit performs an image-quality adjustment suitable for the non-genuine consumable (S13). When the determination unit determines that the consumable is genuine (No in S12), the second image-quality adjustment unit performs an image-quality adjustment suitable for the genuine consumable (S14).

Abstract: An image reading device moves relative to a document in a lengthwise direction of the document so as to read a document image, and is provided with first and second image sensors arranged in line in a widthwise direction of the document, each image sensor including first to n-th photoelectric conversion elements arranged in line in the widthwise direction, each photoelectric conversion element receiving reflected light from the document and generating image data corresponding to the intensity of the received reflected light, and the first photoelectric conversion element of the second image sensor positioned following the n-th photoelectric conversion element of the first image sensor; a scanner for causing the lines of photoelectric conversion elements of the respective image sensors to scan in a specified direction at a specified speed; and a data processor for processing the image data from the n-th photoelectric conversion element of the first image sensor and the image data from the first photoelectric c

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a toner image forming device for forming a toner image corresponding to an image of an original document at a set operative copying magnification, a transfer device for transferring the toner image onto a copy item, a fixing device for fixing the toner image on the copy item under heat, a memory for storing correction values for a plurality of types of copy item usable in the image forming apparatus respectively, the correction value being adapted for correcting a change in length of a copy item due to the heat of the fixing device, a judge device for judging what type the present copy item is of, and a magnification setting device for setting an operative copying magnification to correct a shrink of the present copy item due to the fixing heat.

Abstract: An image reading device is movable at a predetermined speed relative to a document in a lengthwise direction of the document so as to read a document image and includes a plurality of image sensors arranged in line in a widthwise direction of the document, each image sensor including an array of first to n-th photoelectric conversion elements arranged at the same interval in line, and scan means for causing the array of photoelectric conversion elements of the respective image sensors to scan in the order of first to n-th at a predetermined period. The array of photoelectric conversion elements of the respective image sensors is arranged in such a way that the first photoelectric conversion element slips relative to the n-th photoelectric conversion element a predetermined distance in the direction opposite to the relative movement direction of the image sensor, the predetermined distance being defined by the predetermined relative movement speed and the predetermined period.

Abstract: A document is conveyed by switching the direction in which the document is conveyed to a forward direction or a reverse direction by a document conveying section, thereby to make a plurality of copies from the same document. An image forming operation with illuminating and scanning by a light source is performed when the document is conveyed in the forward direction. A copy image is formed on rolled-paper suitably cut by a cutter. In a case where a plurality of copies are made, when the document is conveyed in the forward direction so as to make the first copy, the time elapsed from the start of the copying operation until the synchro sensor senses a rear end of the document is measured. The time measured is stored in a memory. The timing at which the rolled-paper is cut in operations of making the second and subsequent copies is set on the basis of the time stored in the memory.

Abstract: An identifying system of a manuscript-reading device, receives signals from a pair of sensors disposed upstream of an optical system on the manuscript conveying path while conveying the manuscript for reading an image. In the event that the downstream side sensor remains OFF a predetermined time after the upstream side sensor turns ON or the downstream sensor remains ON a predetermined time after the upstream sensor turns OFF, an identifying system then identifies the presence of a jammed manuscript. Only when both sensors turn OFF together does the identifying system identify a state of release of the jammed manuscript.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is described which includes a photoreceptor drum; an LED head for exposure provided along the width of the photoreceptor drum; a pin provided on the LED head; a supporting base substance to which the photoreceptor drum is attached; and a pin admitting groove provided on the supporting base substance for admitting the pin. The LED head is half-fixed on the supporting base substance.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a latent image is formed on a photoreceptor by an LED printing head based on image information. The latent image is developed into a toner image by a developing apparatus, to which a developing bias voltage is applied. The developing bias voltage is controlled according to a temperature of the LED printing head sensed by a temperature sensor so that a toner density of a toner image formed by the developing apparatus is appropriate.

Abstract: An image forming equipment in which a fluorescent lamp is so preheated by controlling the current flowing level for the fluorescent lamp on non-copying after the power source is turned ON such that light energy of the fluorescent lamp becomes an appointed value according to the ON state of the fluorescent lamp on copying when controlling the light energy of the fluorescent lamp in accordance with the signals which come from the light energy detecting means provided at an end part of a fluorescent lamp which is provided in the width direction of the document to read a document image and copy the same by reflecting light to the image surface of the document.

Abstract: A method for controlling rotation of a fixing roller, the fixing roller being rotated by a first motor and a second motor, the first motor being driven at a high speed, the second motor being driven at a low speed, the torques of the first motor and the second motor being transmitted to a rotary shaft of the fixing roller through respective one-way clutches, the method includes steps of starting the driving of the second motor immediately before the driving of the first motor is stopped, and keeping the driving of the second motor at least until the driving of the first motor is started.

Abstract: An abnormality of a key component of an electrostatic image-recording machine is detected using a surface potentiometer originally installed in the machine for use in controlling the charging voltage of the photoreceptor drum. The detectable components are: main charger, transfer charger, discharge lamp, and developing roller. They are judged abnormal if the voltage of the drum surface is out of a normal range when they are functioned before an actual recording process (or during warming-up of the machine).

Abstract: The following is in reference to the electrostatic copying machine with image formation apparatus using the photo conductor.The invention is to compute the electrifier voltage that is able to get the desired charge at the developing section by detecting the charge capacity and potential falling amount in order to correct the change in charge amount affected by the potential falling. The invention is that the correction can be made even in the course of continuous processing and in order not to be affected by the aged deterioration of the photo conductor, memorize the voltage per photo conductor temperature after the correction of the processed number of sheets and renew the memory value with the latest data. The invention is that the degree of the potential falling by the temperature of photo conductor is affected by the quantity of light irradiated on the photo conductor--to change the degree of correction of potential falling in proportion to the temperature of the photo conductor.