Abstract: A solid-state battery that exhibits improved battery performance includes: a positive-electrode collector; a negative-electrode collector; a positive electrode layer formed on the positive-electrode collector and containing a positive-electrode active material and a solid electrolyte; a negative electrode layer formed on the negative-electrode collector and containing a negative-electrode active material and a solid electrolyte; and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer and containing a solid electrolyte. At least one of the solid electrolyte and the solid electrolyte partly represents a porous solid electrolyte.

Abstract: An apparatus for receiving Raman scattering signals, includes an optic light-collection system for collecting Raman scattering lights having scattered from an object when excitation laser beams are irradiated thereto, a spectroscope including a diffraction grating, for separating the Raman scattering lights into its spectral components, and an optical path converter including at least one optical waveguide for converting lights having been collected by the optic light-collection system into slit-shaped lights in compliance with an orientation of the diffraction grating.