Abstract: Chrome-free bricks which exhibit excellent resistance to corrosion, penetration, and thermal spalling. The bricks are mainly made from a magnesia material and/or a magnesia-alumina spinel material and comprise 1 to 10 wt % titania and 1 to 15 wt % alumina. They may contain 0.5 to 10 wt % iron oxide. Further, they may contain at least one material of the group consisting of 1 to 10 wt % metal powder, 1 to 20 wt % carbon and 1 to 20 wt % one of oxide materials except for iron oxide.

Abstract: Refractory nozzles including a so-called long nozzle, an upper nozzle, a lower nozzle, and an immersion nozzle made from high-alumina refractory material, graphite powder, silica powder and other minor constitutents wherein a major part of the high-alumina refractory material is thermospherized particles of about 0.3 to 3.0 mm in diameter which have good spalling and corrosion resistance. Revolving and rolling ability of the thermospherized particles gives far-reaching capability of pressing force deep into the nozzle center portion during shape-forming by a compaction press. Hence more uniform products can be obtained, and a less expensive unidirectional compaction process can be used instead of a high cost isostatic process for compaction.