Abstract: A large amount of a medium containing a volatile chlorinated organic compound (VOC) with a low concentration is passed through an adsorber filled with an adsorbent which adsorb and desorb the VOC to collect the VOC in the medium in the adsorber; a gas containing water vapor is then brought into contact with the adsorbent to desorb and discharge the VOC from the adsorber; the desorbed gas is cooled to condense the VOC and water; a small amount of the VOC with a high concentration vaporized from the condensate is further irradiated with light in the presence of chlorine to decompose the VOC; and the decomposed product is subsequently treated. This constitution can allow a large amount of the VOC with a low concentration to be irradiated with light in the presence of chlorine to efficiently treat the VOC.

Abstract: A large amount of a medium containing a volatile chlorinated organic compound (VOC) with a low concentration is passed throuth an adsorber filled with an adsorbent which adsorb and desorb the VOC to collect the VOC in the medium in the adsorber; a gas containing water vapor is then brought into contact with the adsorbent to desorb and discharge the VOC from the adsorber; the desorbed gas is cooled to condense the VOC and water; a small amount of the VOC with a high concentration vaporized from the condensate is further irradiated with light in the presence of chlorine to decompose the VOC; and the decomposed product is subsequently treated. This constitution can allow a large amount of the VOC with a low concentration to be irradiated with light in the presence of chlorine to efficiently treat the VOC.

Abstract: A liquid treatment method for removing impurities from an impurity-containing liquid comprises a collection step of collecting a precipitated solid component from an impurity-containing liquid in a tank containing the liquid along with a liquid component of the liquid, a separation step of separating the solid component collected in the collection step from the liquid component collected in the collection step, a return step of returning to the tank the liquid component separated from the solid component in the separation step, and a purification step of obtaining a purified liquid from the impurity-containing liquid contained in the tank.

Abstract: The present invention provides a color image forming apparatus for forming a color image by superimposing a plurality of color toner images on a recording material, which can improve the quality of the toner images on the recording material during the transferring of the plural color toner images.The present invention slightly differentiates a moving speed of an electrophotographic photosensitive member as an image bearing member from a moving speed of a recording material bearing means which supports the recording material and moves with respect to the photosensitive member. Whereby, it is possible to adequately transfer the toner images onto the recording material in a superimposed fashion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a washing method in which parts and products are washed free of residual smudges without using fleon-family solvents. The method of washing members such as parts or products comprises a first degreasing step for degreasing in nonaqueous liquid the members to be washed after worked, a second degreasing step for degreasing the members being washed in an aqueous liquid which dissolves the nonaqueous liquid, a finish washing step for washing in the aqueous liquid, a rinsing step, and a drying step, wherein the drying step is performed in a plurality of pure water baths, the temperature of a last pure water bath is established to a range of 70.degree. to 85.degree. C., and the washed members are taken out from the pure water bath for drying the surfaces thereof.Also, the washing method is disclosed in which pure water in a plurality of the pure water baths has temperature gradient in the sequence of washing steps.

Abstract: A developing apparatus is provided with a developer bearing member for bearing developer including toner particles and carrier particles to feed the developer to a developing station. A regulating member is disposed in confronting relation to the developing bearing member and adapted to regulate an amount of the developer fed to the developing station. A voltage source outputs an alternating bias voltage to the developer bearing member and to the regulating member. A detecting element is disposed in the vicinity of the regulating member and in confronting relation to the developing bearing member. The detecting element is adapted to detect toner density in the developer born by the developer bearing member. An electrical shield member is disposed between the detecting member and the regulating member.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for development. A layer of developer which is a mixture of insulative magnetic particles and toner particles is carried on a surface of a developing sleeve which accommodates therein a magnet roller. A latent image bearing member carrying a latent image to be developed is so opposed to the developing sleeve that the latent image bearing member to a portion of the magnet roller which is between the two adjacent magnetic poles. The surfaces of the latent image bearing member and the developer carrying member are maintained with a clearance which is larger than the thickness of the developer layer. An alternating electric field is formed in or across the clearance to alternatingly repeat two steps, i.e.

Abstract: An original reading apparatus includes: a line sensor having first and second sensor arrays each composed of a plurality of light receiving elements; a first optical filter disposed on the light incident side of the first sensor array; a second optical filter disposed on the light incident side of the second sensor array, the second optical filter being complementary in color to the first optical filter; a first light source which turns on and off during one line scan of an original; a second light source which is continually turned on until an original scanning is completed.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is of the type in which a plurality of toner images are successively transferred onto a printing medium from a plurality of image carriers one above another. A toner image built on each of the image carriers is transferred onto the printing medium at a predetermined image transferring position. The apparatus is so constructed that each of the image carriers and printing medium conveying means are driven by single driving power transmitting means which is caused to move endlessly.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording apparatus includes a recording member having a surface on which an electrostatic latent image is formed; a recording head, to effect discharging to produce the ions; first bias voltage source for applying a bias voltage to the second electrode; second bias voltage source for applying to the third electrode a bias voltage having the same polarity as that of the bias voltage applied to the second electrodes and having an absolute voltage which is smaller than that of the bias voltage applied to the second electrode. The parameters of the means for so determined that the ions produced by the recording head and moved to the recording surface are controlled so as to provide a high resolution image.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for development. A layer of developer which is a mixture of insulative magnetic particles and toner particles is carried on a surface of a developing sleeve which accommodates therein a magnet roller. A latent image bearing member carrying a latent image to be developed is so opposed to the developing sleeve that the latent image bearing member to a portion of the magnet roller which is between the two adjacent magnetic poles. The surfaces of the latent image bearing member and the developer carrying member are maintained with a clearance which is larger than the thickness of the developer layer. An alternating electric field is formed in or across the clearance to alternatingly repeat two steps, i.e.