Abstract: A turbocharger includes a first scroll member made of sheet metal, extending in a circumferential direction of an impeller shaft, having an opening that is opened to the bearing housing, and forming a part of a wall surface of the first turbine scroll passage, a second scroll member made of sheet metal, extending in the circumferential direction of the impeller shaft, having an opening that is opened to the bearing housing, and forming a part of a wall surface of the second turbine scroll passage, and a closing member closing the opening of the first scroll member and forming the wall surface of the first turbine scroll passage on the side thereof adjacent to the bearing housing, and closing the opening of the second scroll member and forming the wall surface of the second turbine scroll passage on the side thereof adjacent to the bearing housing.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes a turbine housing, an annular metal plate, and a scroll passage defining plate. The metal plate defines a connecting passage in the turbine housing. The connecting passage connects a turbine chamber and a turbine scroll passage to each other. The scroll passage defining plate includes a passage defining portion that defines the turbine scroll passage and an inner circumferential edge portion that extends from the inner circumferential edge portion of the passage defining portion and along the metal plate. The scroll passage defining plate has an inner circumferential edge that is fixed between the turbine housing and the metal plate. The scroll passage defining plate is arranged in the turbine housing such that the outer circumferential edge portion of the passage defining portion is movable relative to the turbine housing.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes a turbine housing that is a cast component, a turbine scroll passage, a discharge port, and a discharge port defining member. The turbine scroll passage surrounds the circumference of a turbine chamber defined in the turbine housing and the circumference of the turbine chamber. Exhaust gas that has passed through the turbine chamber is conducted to the discharge port. The discharge port defining member constitutes a wall surface of the discharge port. The discharge port defining member includes a tubular main body wall and an outer circumferential edge. The main body wall constitutes a wall surface of the discharge port. The outer circumferential edge extends from the distal end of the main body wall and outward in the radial direction of the impeller shaft. The outer circumferential edge is fixed between the turbine housing and a downstream exhaust pipe, which is connected to the discharge port.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes a bearing housing, a turbine housing, a turbine chamber formed in the turbine housing, a turbine impeller rotating integrally with the impeller shaft by the exhaust gas flowing into the turbine chamber, a turbine scroll passage formed in the turbine housing, a communication passage, and a bearing housing side plate made of sheet metal and forming wall surfaces of the turbine scroll passage and the communication passage on the bearing housing side. The bearing housing side plate has an inner peripheral part of the bearing housing side plate is a stationary part relative to the bearing housing, and an outer peripheral end portion of the bearing housing side plate is a free end. The bearing housing side plate has an outer peripheral side surface of the bearing housing side plate is spaced from a first facing member that faces the outer peripheral wall side surface.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes a first scroll member made of sheet metal, extending in a circumferential direction of an impeller shaft, having an opening that is opened to the bearing housing, and forming a part of a wall surface of the first turbine scroll passage, a second scroll member made of sheet metal, extending in the circumferential direction of the impeller shaft, having an opening that is opened to the bearing housing, and forming a part of a wall surface of the second turbine scroll passage, and a closing member closing the opening of the first scroll member and forming the wall surface of the first turbine scroll passage on the side thereof adjacent to the bearing housing, and closing the opening of the second scroll member and forming the wall surface of the second turbine scroll passage on the side thereof adjacent to the bearing housing.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes a bearing housing, a turbine housing, a turbine chamber formed in the turbine housing, a turbine impeller rotating integrally with the impeller shaft by the exhaust gas flowing into the turbine chamber, a turbine scroll passage formed in the turbine housing, a communication passage, and a bearing housing side plate made of sheet metal and forming wall surfaces of the turbine scroll passage and the communication passage on the bearing housing side. The bearing housing side plate has an inner peripheral part of the bearing housing side plate is a stationary part relative to the bearing housing, and an outer peripheral end portion of the bearing housing side plate is a free end. The bearing housing side plate has an outer peripheral side surface of the bearing housing side plate is spaced from a first facing member that faces the outer peripheral wall side surface.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes a turbine housing, an annular metal plate, and a scroll passage defining plate. The metal plate defines a connecting passage in the turbine housing. The connecting passage connects a turbine chamber and a turbine scroll passage to each other. The scroll passage defining plate includes a passage defining portion that defines the turbine scroll passage and an inner circumferential edge portion that extends from the inner circumferential edge portion of the passage defining portion and along the metal plate. The scroll passage defining plate has an inner circumferential edge that is fixed between the turbine housing and the metal plate. The scroll passage defining plate is arranged in the turbine housing such that the outer circumferential edge portion of the passage defining portion is movable relative to the turbine housing.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes a turbine housing that is a cast component, a turbine scroll passage, a discharge port, and a discharge port defining member. The turbine scroll passage surrounds the circumference of a turbine chamber defined in the turbine housing and the circumference of the turbine chamber. Exhaust gas that has passed through the turbine chamber is conducted to the discharge port. The discharge port defining member constitutes a wall surface of the discharge port. The discharge port defining member includes a tubular main body wall and an outer circumferential edge. The main body wall constitutes a wall surface of the discharge port. The outer circumferential edge extends from the distal end of the main body wall and outward in the radial direction of the impeller shaft. The outer circumferential edge is fixed between the turbine housing and a downstream exhaust pipe, which is connected to the discharge port.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing A-form crystals of 2-(3-cyano-4-isobutyloxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid, comprising: a step of dissolving by heating 2-(3-cyano-4-isobutyloxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid in one or a plurality of solvents as a good solvent, selected from the group consisting of 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethanol, and acetone; a step of cooling the solution; and a step of adding to the solution a hydrocarbon solvent as a poor solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing A-form crystals of 2-(3-cyano-4-isobutyloxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid, comprising: a step of dissolving by heating 2-(3-cyano-4-isobutyloxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid in one or a plurality of solvents as a good solvent, selected from the group consisting of 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethanol, and acetone; a step of cooling the solution; and a step of adding to the solution a hydrocarbon solvent as a poor solvent.

Abstract: A circular hole cutting device (1) for making a circular hole in an object comprises a bit holder (3) which can be attached to a drive shaft of an electric power tool in such a way that the bit holder (3) with a bit (2) attached to a far end of the bit holder (3) rotates together with the drive shaft on a common axis, a cover (4) which is fitted to the bit holder (3) relatively rotatably about its axis, and a radial rod (5) attached to the cover (4) such that the amount of projection of the radial rod (5) in a direction intersecting the bit (2) can be varied. The physical size of the cover (4) is determined such that the bit (2) projects from a far end of the cover (4). The radial rod (5) has a pivot shaft (52) having a pointed end formed by bending a terminal part of the radial rod (5) approximately at right angles.

Abstract: A circular hole cutting device (1) for making a circular hole in an object comprises a bit holder (3) which can be attached to a drive shaft of an electric power tool in such a way that the bit holder (3) with a bit (2) attached to a far end of the bit holder (3) rotates together with the drive shaft on a common axis, a cover (4) which is fitted to the bit holder (3) relatively rotatably about its axis, and a radial rod (5) attached to the cover (4) such that the amount of projection of the radial rod (5) in a direction intersecting the bit (2) can be varied. The physical size of the cover (4) is determined such that the bit (2) projects from a far end of the cover (4). The radial rod (5) has a pivot shaft (52) having a pointed end formed by bending a terminal part of the radial rod (5) approximately at right angles.