Abstract: Provided is an active material that contributes to improved battery rate characteristics. This active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries contains a core capable of reversible Li storage/release and contains a compound attached to the surface of the core. The compound is represented by the general formula M1aM2Fb (0.1?a?2.2, 2?b?6, M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, K, and Na, and M2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of transition metals and Al, Si, B, P, Sn, Ge, Sb, Bi, Mg, Ca, and Sr).

Abstract: Provided is an active material contributing to improving the charge/discharge cycle characteristics of a battery. This active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes: a core capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of Li; and a salt attached to the surface of the core, wherein the salt comprises an oxyfluoride represented by general formula M1OFa (2?a?6, M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Si, P, and B).

Abstract: Provided is an active material that can suppress a rise in the internal resistance of a battery. This active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries contains a core that can reversibly store and release Li, and a compound adhered to the surface of the core, and the compound contains trivalent Ti. The compound may be (NH4)2TiF5, for example.

Abstract: This positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries comprises: a lithium transition metal composite oxide which is represented by general formula LixM12?yM2yM3zOwFv (wherein 1?x?1.2, 0<y<1, 0.001?z?0.1, 0?v?0.2, 3.8?w+v?4.2, M1 represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co and Mn, M2 represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, Fe, Al, Ge and Si, and M3 represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ca and Sr), while containing M1 and M2; and a coating layer which is formed on at least a part of the surface of the lithium transition metal composite oxide, while containing M2 and M3.

Abstract: This positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery contains a lithium transition metal complex oxide capable of occluding and releasing Li. The lithium transition metal complex oxide is represented by general formula LixM1yOzFw (in the formula, 0.5 ? × < 3.1, 1 ? y ? 2, 2 ? z+w ? 4, and M1 is at least one element selected from Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Fe, Al, Ge, Si, and Nb), and M2 (M2 being at least one element selected from Ca, Sr, Sc, Er, Y, Zr, and W) is included in the interior of secondary particles of the lithium transition metal complex oxide.

Abstract: This positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery contains a lithium transition metal complex oxide capable of occluding and releasing Li, and contains SrMnO3 in the interior or exterior of secondary particles of the lithium transition metal complex oxide.

Abstract: This positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries includes a lithium transition metal complex oxide that has a spinel structure and that is represented by general formula Li1+?Ni0.5-xMn1.5-y-zGeyMx+zO4 (in the formula, 0??<0.2, 0?x<0.2, 0<y<0.45, and 0?z<0.2 are satisfied, and M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, Cr, V, Fe, and Co). In a secondary particle of the lithium transition metal complex oxide, the mole number (Gesurf) of Ge at the surface portion when the total number of moles of metal elements other than Li is defined as 2 is larger than the mole number (Gebulk) of Ge at the center portion when the total number of moles of metal elements other than Li is defined as 2.

Abstract: A detection device comprises a cyclone-type collection part for collecting particles contained in a gas into a collection liquid with a swirling airflow, a detection part for detecting the particles collected by the cyclone-type collection part; and a cleaning part for cleaning the cyclone-type collection part with a cleaning liquid. The cleaning part cleans the cyclone-type collection part by swirling the cleaning liquid with the swirling airflow generated in the cyclone-type collection part.

Abstract: An infection risk map provision system includes virus sensors for detecting viruses in the air, the virus sensors being provided at different positions, a communication unit that collects detection information obtained by the virus sensors, and a control unit that provides, on the basis of the detection information, an infection risk map representing the distribution of infection risk information. The control unit sets display granularity for the infection risk information on the infection risk map displayed on an information terminal on the basis of granularity information corresponding to the virus sensors and creates the infection risk map by superimposing the infection risk information upon a map on the basis of the set display granularity and positional information.

Abstract: A liquid treatment apparatus comprises: a first tank in which a first gas containing nitrogen and oxygen and a liquid are stored; a plasma generating apparatus, including a first electrode and a second electrode, which effects discharge between the first electrode and the second electrode and thereby generates plasma that makes contact with at least part of the liquid; and a gas supply apparatus that supplies a first part of the first gas from the first tank to the plasma generating apparatus.

Abstract: A liquid treatment apparatus comprises: a first tank in which a first gas containing nitrogen and oxygen and a liquid are stored; a plasma generating apparatus, including a first electrode and a second electrode, which effects discharge between the first electrode and the second electrode and thereby generates plasma that makes contact with at least part of the liquid; and a gas supply apparatus that supplies a first part of the first gas from the first tank to the plasma generating apparatus.

Abstract: In a diffraction optical element having a structure in which a base and an optical adjustment layer adhere to each other, defects such as cracks and peeling occur in the optical adjustment layer, when the adhesive strength between the base and the optical adjustment layer is degraded. In a diffraction optical element 100 of the present invention, a plurality of anchor grooves 3 are formed in a planar second region 6 of a base 1. Further, a depth of an anchor groove of the plurality of anchor grooves 3, which is positioned on an outermost side, is designed so as to be smaller than a depth of another anchor groove of the plurality of anchor grooves 3, which is positioned on an innermost side. An optical adjustment layer 9 adheres so as to cover a first region 5 in which a diffraction grating 2 is formed and the second region 6 in which the anchor grooves 3 are formed of the base 1.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes: a lens optical system including six regions having such optical characteristics that focal characteristics are made different from one another; an image pickup device having a plurality of pixels on which light beams having passed through the lens optical system are incident; and an arrayed optical device for making light beams having passed through the six regions incident respectively on different pixels on the image pickup device.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element according to the present invention includes: a body 1 being composed of a first optical material containing a first resin, and having a diffraction grating 2 on a surface thereof; and an optical adjustment layer 3 being composed of a second optical material containing a second resin, and provided on the body so as to cover the diffraction grating. A difference between a solubility parameter of the first resin and a solubility parameter of the second resin is 0.8 [cal/cm3]1/2 or more, and the first resin and the second resin each have a benzene ring.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element disclosed in the present application includes: a base which is made of a first optical material containing a first resin and which has a diffraction grating in its surface; and an optical adjustment layer which is made of a second optical material containing a second resin and inorganic particles and which is provided on the base so as to cover the diffraction grating, wherein ?SP which is defined by a formula shown below is not less than ?0.7 and not more than +0.7 [cal/cm3]1/2: ?SP=[a solubility parameter of the second resin]?[a solubility parameter of the first resin], and a design order of diffraction caused by the diffraction grating is nth order, and unwanted order diffracted light of n+1th order in a wavelength range of not less than 400 nm and not more than 700 nm is not more than 7%.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element according to the present invention includes: a body 1 being composed of a first optical material containing a first resin, and having a diffraction grating 2 on a surface thereof; and an optical adjustment layer 3 being composed of a second optical material containing a second resin, and provided on the body 1 so as to cover the diffraction grating 2. The first optical material has a refractive index which is smaller than a refractive index of the second optical material; the refractive index of the first optical material has a wavelength dispersion which is greater than a wavelength dispersion of the refractive index of the second optical material; and a difference in solubility parameter between the first resin and the second resin is no less than 0.8 [cal/cm3]1/2 and no more than 2.5 [cal/cm3]1/2.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element includes: a body being composed of a first optical material and having a diffraction grating on the surface thereof; and an optical adjustment layer being composed of a second optical material and provided on the body so as to cover the diffraction grating. An envelope passing through the edge of the diffraction grating presents a curved surface, and the optical adjustment layer has a uniform thickness along the normal direction from the envelope.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes: a lens optical system including six regions having such optical characteristics that focal characteristics are made different from one another; an image pickup device having a plurality of pixels on which light beams having passed through the lens optical system are incident; and an arrayed optical device for making light beams having passed through the six regions incident respectively on different pixels on the image pickup device.

Abstract: According to a method for producing a diffraction optical element, the center of a molding face and the center of a substrate are positionally aligned to each other based on a marker of a prescribed shape which is formed at the center of the molding face of a mold and the shape of a diffraction grating of the substrate. A nanocomposite material is located between the molding face and the diffraction grating, and the material is pressed by the mold and the substrate to form an optical adjusting layer on the diffraction grating.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element disclosed in the present application includes a body 102 formed of a first optical material containing a first resin, the body 102 having a surface 102a including a first area 105 at which a diffraction grating 104 is provided and a second area 106 located outer to the first area; an optical adjustment layer 103 formed of a second optical material containing a second resin, the optical adjustment layer 103 being provided on the body while covering the first area and at least a part of the second area 106 of the surface of the body; and an adhesive interface section 109 containing an adhesive material which is adhesive to the second optical material, the adhesive interface section 109 being, at the second area 106 of the surface of the body, at least partially located below the optical adjustment layer 103 and being located at least in a region from the surface to the inside of the body.