Abstract: Provided is a sliding member, which is reduced in friction under sliding conditions of high load and high speed under an oilless condition, and is excellent in wear resistance. The sliding member includes: a shaft; and at least one intervening member, in which: the at least one intervening member is located between the shaft and a bearing, and is operable independently of the shaft; and at least one surface of the at least one intervening member on a shaft side includes a sliding surface under one of a radial load and an axial load.

Abstract: Provided is a sliding member, which is reduced in friction under sliding conditions of high load and high speed under an oilless condition, and is excellent in wear resistance. The sliding member includes: a shaft; and at least one intervening member, in which: the at least one intervening member is located between the shaft and a bearing, and is operable independently of the shaft; and at least one surface of the at least one intervening member on a shaft side includes a sliding surface under one of a radial load and an axial load.

Abstract: To provide, between separated first sliding surfaces (DLC), a material of which frictional coefficient is higher than that of DLC at a temperature of 25° C. and a humidity of 45% as a second sliding surface.

Abstract: An optical member including a porous glass layer on a base member is provided, wherein the reflectance is reduced and a ripple is suppressed. The optical member is provided with a base member and a glass layer holding a transparent material in the inside of a porous structure disposed on the base member, wherein in the thickness direction of the glass layer, the porosity in the base member side with respect to the center line of the glass layer in the thickness direction is smaller than the porosity in the side opposite to the base member with respect to the center line of the glass layer in the thickness direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical member having a high transmittance, wherein a composition change of a phase-separable base material glass film is suppressed. A method for manufacturing an optical member provided with a porous glass film on the base member includes the steps of forming a glass powder film containing a glass powder on the base member, forming a phase-separable base material glass film on the base member by heating and fusing the glass powder film in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of more than 20%, forming a phase-separated glass film on the base member by heating the base material glass film, and forming a porous glass film on the base member by subjecting the phase-separated glass film to an etching treatment.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical member including a porous glass film on a base member, wherein a ripple is suppressed. The optical member includes the base member and the porous glass film disposed on the base member, wherein the porosity increases in the direction from the base member toward the porous glass film in an interfacial region between the base member and the porous glass film and the porosity is continuous in the film thickness direction from the base member to the surface of the porous glass film in the optical member.

Abstract: Provided is a sliding member that exhibits a sufficient friction-reducing effect even at room temperature while having suppressing effects on liquid dripping, liquid leakage, and contamination by scattering like grease, and in particular, can satisfactorily reduce a frictional force even at a static friction stage. The sliding member includes, in at least part of a sliding surface thereof, a porous portion and a gel-like composition in the porous portion, in which: the gel-like composition includes a thixotropic gel containing an organic polymer and a lubricating medium; and the organic polymer is contained at from 1 wt % to 50 wt % with respect to the gel-like composition.

Abstract: To provide, between separated first sliding surfaces (DLC), a material of which frictional coefficient is higher than that of DLC at a temperature of 25° C. and a humidity of 45% as a second sliding surface.

Abstract: There are provided an optical member having a low reflectance and a good dustproof property and an image pickup apparatus. A plurality of projections are formed on a surface of a low-refractive-index layer disposed on a base and having a refractive index lower than that of the base so that a distance between peaks of the projections is 50 nm or more and 600 nm or less. An occupied area percentage at a depth of 15 nm in a direction toward the base from a peak farthest from the base among the peaks of the projections is 40% or less. An average of minor axis lengths of the projections at a depth of 5 nm or more and 15 nm or less in the direction is 15 nm or more.

Abstract: There is provided an optical member having a low reflectance and a good dustproof property. An optical member includes a base and a low-refractive-index layer disposed on the base and containing particles having a refractive index lower than that of the base. A plurality of projections are formed on a surface of the low-refractive-index layer. The width of the projections is 5 nm or more and 80 nm or less and the distance between the projections is 80 nm or more and 250 nm or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a porous glass layer easily, wherein a ripple is suppressed. A method for manufacturing an optical member provided with a porous glass layer on a base member includes the steps of forming an intermediate layer containing at least one of silicon, potassium, and aluminum on the base member, forming a phase-separable glass layer on the intermediate layer, forming a phase-separated glass layer on the base member by heating the intermediate layer and the phase-separable glass layer at a temperature higher than or equal to the glass transition temperature of the phase-separable glass layer, and forming a porous glass layer on the base member by subjecting the phase-separated glass layer to an etching treatment.

Abstract: An optical member including a porous glass layer on a base member is provided, wherein the reflectance is reduced and a ripple is suppressed. The optical member is provided with a base member and a glass layer holding a transparent material in the inside of a porous structure disposed on the base member, wherein in the thickness direction of the glass layer, the porosity in the base member side with respect to the center line of the glass layer in the thickness direction is smaller than the porosity in the side opposite to the base member with respect to the center line of the glass layer in the thickness direction.

Abstract: To provide an optical member in which crystallization is suppressed and which has a porous glass layer on a base material. An optical member has a base material 1 and a porous glass layer 2 which is formed on the base material 1 and has a three-dimensional through pore, in which the existence ratio of crystals of 0.2 micrometer or more in the porous glass layer 2 is 1.0% or lower.

Abstract: This invention provides an optical member in which ripple is suppressed and a porous glass layer is formed on a base member and also provides a method for easily manufacturing the optical member. An optical member has a base member (1) and a porous glass layer (2) formed on the base member (1), in which a textured structure is formed on the interface contacting the porous glass layer (2) of the base member (1) and the height of the textured structure is 100 nm or more and equal to or lower than the thickness of the porous glass layer (2).

Abstract: To provide an optical member having a porous glass layer on a substrate and rarely causing ripples. The optical member has a porous glass layer on a substrate. The porous glass layer includes a first porous glass layer and a second porous glass layer in this order on the substrate. The first porous glass layer has a uniform porosity. The second porous glass layer has a higher uniform porosity than the first porous glass layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical member including a porous glass layer on the base member, wherein a ripple is suppressed. The optical member includes the porous glass layer which is disposed on the base member and which has a thickness of 400 nm or more, wherein the porous glass layer includes at least a gradient region having a porosity increasing from the interface between the base member and the porous glass layer toward the surface of the porous glass layer, the porosity is continuous in the thickness direction from the base member to the surface of the porous glass layer, and a specific relational expression is satisfied.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical member having a high transmittance, wherein a composition change of a phase-separable base material glass film is suppressed. A method for manufacturing an optical member provided with a porous glass film on the base member includes the steps of forming a glass powder film containing a glass powder on the base member, forming a phase-separable base material glass film on the base member by heating and fusing the glass powder film in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of more than 20%, forming a phase-separated glass film on the base member by heating the base material glass film, and forming a porous glass film on the base member by subjecting the phase-separated glass film to an etching treatment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a porous glass layer easily, wherein a ripple is suppressed. A method for manufacturing an optical member provided with a porous glass layer on a base member includes the steps of forming an intermediate layer containing at least one of silicon, potassium, and aluminum on the base member, forming a phase-separable glass layer on the intermediate layer, forming a phase-separated glass layer on the base member by heating the intermediate layer and the phase-separable glass layer at a temperature higher than or equal to the glass transition temperature of the phase-separable glass layer, and forming a porous glass layer on the base member by subjecting the phase-separated glass layer to an etching treatment.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical member including a porous glass film on a base member, wherein a ripple is suppressed. The optical member includes the base member and the porous glass film disposed on the base member, wherein the porosity increases in the direction from the base member toward the porous glass film in an interfacial region between the base member and the porous glass film and the porosity is continuous in the film thickness direction from the base member to the surface of the porous glass film in the optical member.