Abstract: In a liquid crystal device according to the invention, a pre-tilt angle of a liquid crystal layer is greater on an opposing electrode side than on a pixel electrode side. A high potential and a low potential relative to an opposing electrode potential are alternately applied to pixel electrodes through switching elements; and the opposing electrode potential is higher than a standard potential, the standard potential being a potential in which the average potential between the high potential and the low potential has been shifted by an amount equivalent to the average value of the amount of change in the potential of the pixel electrodes caused by parasitic capacitance in the switching elements when the high potential is applied to the pixel electrodes and the amount of change in the potential of the pixel electrodes caused by parasitic capacitance when the low potential is applied to the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal device according to the invention, a pre-tilt angle of a liquid crystal layer is greater on an opposing electrode side than on a pixel electrode side. A high potential and a low potential relative to an opposing electrode potential are alternately applied to pixel electrodes through switching elements; and the opposing electrode potential is higher than a standard potential, the standard potential being a potential in which the average potential between the high potential and the low potential has been shifted by an amount equivalent to the average value of the amount of change in the potential of the pixel electrodes caused by parasitic capacitance in the switching elements when the high potential is applied to the pixel electrodes and the amount of change in the potential of the pixel electrodes caused by parasitic capacitance when the low potential is applied to the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal device according to the invention, a pre-tilt angle of a liquid crystal layer is greater on an opposing electrode side than on a pixel electrode side. A high potential and a low potential relative to an opposing electrode potential are alternately applied to pixel electrodes through switching elements; and the opposing electrode potential is higher than a standard potential, the standard potential being a potential in which the average potential between the high potential and the low potential has been shifted by an amount equivalent to the average value of the amount of change in the potential of the pixel electrodes caused by parasitic capacitance in the switching elements when the high potential is applied to the pixel electrodes and the amount of change in the potential of the pixel electrodes caused by parasitic capacitance when the low potential is applied to the pixel electrodes.

Abstract: Provided a liquid crystal device including a liquid crystal layer interposed between a pair of substrates, the liquid crystal device including: pixel electrodes which are arranged in an image display area, for displaying an image; sensor electrodes which detect a variation in capacitance of the liquid crystal layer; and cylindrical structures which maintain a gap between the pair of substrates and are arranged so as not to two-dimensionally overlap each other.

Abstract: A reflective or transflective liquid crystal device employs an internal reflection system including reflecting electrodes serving as reflectors and provided on the side of a substrate, which contacts a liquid crystal, wherein the construction of the device and the manufacturing process therefor are simplified, and a bright high-quality image is displayed. In the reflective liquid crystal device, stripe reflecting electrodes, a transmissive insulating film having a single-layer structure and an alignment layer are provided on a first substrate. The refractive index of the transmissive insulating film is set to be lower than the refractive index of a liquid crystal and the refractive index of the alignment layer.