Abstract: A method of assessing a probe by measuring a known sample whose shape is known with the probe in an electronic microscope, the known sample having a projection part on a surface thereof, and the projection part having a shape tapered toward a vertex thereof, the method comprising a step of measuring circle equivalent radius of the projection part, a step of comparing the circle equivalent radius with a first threshold value, and a step of determining that the probe is satisfactory when the width is less than the first threshold value, and a step of determining that the probe is unsatisfactory when the width is equal to or greater than the first threshold value.

Abstract: A wireless transmission device includes a repetition coding unit that prepares a basic waveform having a length less than a frequency conversion length that is used in a wireless reception device, generates a repetition waveform having a length greater than or equal to the frequency conversion length by repeating the basic waveform a plurality of times, and generates a data frame including the repetition waveform and a known signal.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus that receives a signal modulated by a frequency modulation scheme, using a plurality of receiving antennas includes an FSK modulation-compatible interference extraction unit that extracts, from a plurality of reception signals received by the plurality of receiving antennas, interference signals that are frequency components other than frequency components of desired signals at which power is concentrated, a complex weight calculator that calculates a complex weight of each reception signal, on the basis of the same number of the interference signals as the number of the receiving antennas, and a complex weight multiplication and combining unit that multiplies each of the plurality of reception signals by the corresponding complex weight, and combines the reception signals that have been multiplied by the complex weights.

Abstract: A mapping unit that modulates a transmission bit sequence to generate a modulated symbol sequence, a known sequence mapping unit that modulates a known bit sequence to generate a known symbol sequence, a selection unit that selects one of the modulated symbol sequence or the known symbol sequence and outputs the selected one as a transmission symbol sequence, and a DSTBC encoder that performs differential space-time block coding on the transmission symbol sequence are included. The known sequence mapping unit generates the known symbol sequence so that a matrix obtained by differential space-time block coding performed by the DSTBC encoder is a matrix with two rows and two columns that includes 0 in the first row and the first column, ?1 in the second row and the first column, 1 in the first row and the second column, and 0 in the second row and the second column.

Abstract: A transmission device includes: a reference sequence obtaining unit that obtains a reference sequence having a symbol sequence length equal to or smaller than a modulation order in a modulation method used for data transmission, the reference sequence having a constant amplitude in a time domain and a frequency domain; and a multiplexing unit that transmits a signal including the reference sequence.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus includes: a receiving module that is a fixed circuit whose internal processing procedure is not able to be changed, the receiving module performing demodulation processing on a reception signal to generate a binary hard decision sequence; and an external reception controller including a receiving module controller to control the receiving module, and a redundancy decoder to redundantly decode the binary hard decision sequence output from the receiving module for conversion into a multilevel sequence, wherein the redundancy decoder redundantly decodes the binary hard decision sequence by combining values weighted based on reliability.

Abstract: A wireless transmission device includes a repetition coding unit that prepares a basic waveform having a length less than a frequency conversion length that is used in a wireless reception device, generates a repetition waveform having a length greater than or equal to the frequency conversion length by repeating the basic waveform a plurality of times, and generates a data frame including the repetition waveform and a known signal.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes: base stations that are a plurality of transmission devices that transmits signals including different known sequences using a same frequency; and a mobile station that is a reception device that performs channel estimation using a reception signal received from at least one of the plurality of transmission devices, an average time parameter, and at least one of a plurality of the known sequences corresponding to the plurality of transmission devices, and removes an interference signal included in the reception signal using a result of the channel estimation, the average time parameter being a parameter related to channel estimation accuracy and determined based on a moving speed of a moving one of the reception device that receives the reception signal and the transmission devices that transmits the reception signal.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus includes components below. An equalization unit performs equalization processing on a part of a received signal corresponding to a first range and a part of the received signal corresponding to a second range. The first range includes detection target data. The second range is outside the first range. A replica generation unit decomposes the second range, on which equalization processing has been performed, into a plurality of signal components, and reproduces the part of the received signal corresponding to the second range for each of the signal components to generate a replica of an interference component. An interference cancellation unit cancels the interference component from the part of the received signal corresponding to the first range by using the replica. A data extraction unit extracts the detection target data from the received signal.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus includes components below. An equalization unit performs equalization processing on a part of a received signal corresponding to a first range and a part of the received signal corresponding to a second range. The first range includes detection target data. The second range is outside the first range. A replica generation unit decomposes the second range, on which equalization processing has been performed, into a plurality of signal components, and reproduces the part of the received signal corresponding to the second range for each of the signal components to generate a replica of an interference component. An interference cancellation unit cancels the interference component from the part of the received signal corresponding to the first range by using the replica. A data extraction unit extracts the detection target data from the received signal.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus includes: a control signal channel estimator to estimate a channel for a control signal using a pilot signal extracted from a received signal, and generate a first channel estimate value; a control signal FED unit to perform frequency domain equalization processing on the control signal by using the first channel estimate value; a control signal demodulator to demodulate the equalized control signal; a control signal encoder to encode a demodulated equalized control signal; an FFT unit to generate, from the encoded equalized control signal, a control signal replica; a data channel estimator to estimate a channel for the data signal by using the control signal replica and the first channel estimate value; and a data FDE unit to perform frequency domain equalization processing on the data signal by using the second channel estimate value.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus includes: a control signal channel estimator to estimate a channel for a control signal using a pilot signal extracted from a received signal, and generate a first channel estimate value; a control signal FED unit to perform frequency domain equalization processing on the control signal by using the first channel estimate value; a control signal demodulator to demodulate the equalized control signal; a control signal encoder to encode a demodulated equalized control signal; an FFT unit to generate, from the encoded equalized control signal, a control signal replica; a data channel estimator to estimate a channel for the data signal by using the control signal replica and the first channel estimate value; and a data FDE unit to perform frequency domain equalization processing on the data signal by using the second channel estimate value.

Abstract: The configuration of a system for conventional MIMO-OFDM transmission is complicated because different phase rotations are applied to respective subcarriers and antennas. Therefore, a system includes: a copy unit that copies a group composed of a predetermined number of symbols and a predetermined number of subcarriers to produce a plurality of groups; a phase rotation unit that applies different phase rotations to the plurality of copied groups; and a plurality of transmitting antennas that transmits, to a receiver, the plurality of respective groups to which the phase rotations have been applied.

Abstract: A communication system in which a base station selects any one of a continuous allocation scheme of allocating frequency bands continuously and a discrete allocation scheme of allocating frequency bands discretely and performs allocation of frequency bands to a user terminal. If the discrete allocation scheme is selected, the base station divides the frequency bands to be allocated into sub blocks on the basis of predetermined discrete allocation information for imposing a constraint on a discrete allocation state, and generates a control signal on the basis of the discrete allocation information (S12, S13), the control signal being intended to notify a result of allocation where arrangement on a frequency axis is determined in units of sub blocks. The user terminal determines the frequency bands allocated to the own terminal on the basis of the discrete allocation information retained and a control signal received from the base station.