Abstract: A toner includes toner base particles each including: a binder resin, a colorant, and wax; and resin particles on surfaces of the toner base particles. A standard deviation of a distance between the resin particles next to each other on the surfaces of the toner base particles is less than 500 nm.

Abstract: A polyester resin emulsion contains resin particles (S) containing an amorphous polyester resin (A) in which the carboxyl group of a polyester resin obtained by polycondensation of the alcohol component and the carboxylic acid component is neutralized by a basic substance and an aqueous medium where the resin particles (S) are dispersed, wherein the following relationship 1 is satisfied: 0.89 ? B / A ? 2.23 , where A represents an acid value of the amorphous polyester resin (A) and B represents an amount in mmol/g of cation derived from the basic substance.

Abstract: A polyester resin emulsion contains resin particles(S), each containing a polyester resin (A) obtained by polycondensation of an alcohol component and a carboxylic acid component, and an aqueous medium in which the resin particles(S) are dispersed, wherein the alcohol component contains tri- or tetra-alcohol having a backbone of a linear or branched saturated fatty acid with a carbon number of 4 to 6, and the ratio (OHV/AV) of a hydroxyl value (OHV) of the polyester resin (A) to an acid value (AV) of the polyester resin (A) is from 0.20 to 0.60.

Abstract: Resin particles, each include amorphous polyester resins, a crystalline polyester resin, and a release agent. The amorphous polyester resins include (i) an amorphous polyester resin including a sulfonic acid salt group-containing polyester resin and (ii) an amorphous polyester resin different from the amorphous polyester resin including the sulfonic acid salt group-containing polyester resin. The sulfonic acid salt group-containing polyester resin has a solubility parameter of from 10 to 13. Each of the resin particles has a core-shell structure including a core layer and a shell layer. The shell layer includes the (i) amorphous polyester resin including the sulfonic acid salt group-containing polyester resin.

Abstract: An amorphous polyester resin includes an environmentally friendly component. An environmentally friendly component content of the amorphous polyester resin is 40% by mass or greater and 80% by mass or less. The amorphous polyester resin is a sulfo group-containing amorphous polyester resin. A sulfo group content of the sulfo group-containing amorphous polyester resin is 2 mol % or greater and 10 mol % or less.

Abstract: A resin particle contains an amorphous resin, a crystalline resin C containing a biomass-derived resin, and at least one of polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate, wherein the resin particle has a core-shell structure comprising a core resin and a shell resin, the core resin comprises the crystalline resin C, and the proportion of the total mass of the biomass-derived resin, the polyethylene terephthalate, and the polybutylene terephthalate to the resin particle at 100 percent by mass is 30 or more percent by mass.

Abstract: A toner includes toner base particles and external additives deposited on a surface of the toner base particle. The toner base particle includes an amorphous polyester resin, a crystalline polyester resin, a release agent, and resin particles. An abundance ratio of the crystalline polyester resin in the surface of the toner base particle as observed by TEM is 2.5% or greater but 25% or less. The resin particles are deposited at the surface of the toner base particle as observed by SEM. A ratio of aggregates of the resin particles occupying the surface of the toner base particle is 1% or greater but 70% or less, where R is a major axis of the minimum particle of the resin particles, and the resin particle having a major axis of 3R or greater is determined as the aggregate.

Abstract: A toner includes toner particles, each including: a toner base particle including a binder resin, a colorant, and wax; and resin particles on a surface of the toner base particle, wherein Formulae 1 to 3 below are satisfied, where M is a volume average primary particle diameter (nm) of the resin particles, and L is a distance (nm) between the resin particles present next to one another on the surface of the toner base particle: M<L;??(Formula 1) 5 (nm)<M?60 (nm); and??(Formula 2) 0.40?[M (nm)/L (nm)]<0.90.

Abstract: A toner includes toner base particles each including: a binder resin, a colorant, and wax; and resin particles on surfaces of the toner base particles. A standard deviation of a distance between the resin particles next to each other on the surfaces of the toner base particles is less than 500 nm.

Abstract: A toner is provided. The toner includes an amorphous resin, a crystalline resin dispersed in the amorphous resin, and a release agent. The toner satisfies the following inequality: B/A<0.8 where A represents a perimeter of the crystalline resin and B represents a length of a part of the perimeter A of the crystalline resin at which the crystalline resin is in contact with the amorphous resin, A and B being measured from a cross-sectional image of the toner observed with transmission electron microscope.

Abstract: Toner that includes a polyester resin, fluorine and aluminum. The toner satisfies formulae (1) and (2), 1.00?AB/B?0.50??(1) 0?(A?AB)/A?0.25??(2) where A represents an area where the fluorine exists measured by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), B represents an area where the aluminum exists measured by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and AB represents an overlapping area between A and B. Toner stored unit, image forming apparatus, and image forming method.

Abstract: A toner is provided. The toner includes an amorphous resin, a crystalline resin dispersed in the amorphous resin, and a release agent. The toner satisfies the following inequality: B/A<0.8 where A represents a perimeter of the crystalline resin and B represents a length of a part of the perimeter A of the crystalline resin at which the crystalline resin is in contact with the amorphous resin, A and B being measured from a cross-sectional image of the toner observed with transmission electron microscope.

Abstract: Toner that includes a polyester resin, fluorine and aluminum. The toner satisfies formulae (1) and (2), 1.00?AB/B?0.50 ??(1) 0?(A?AB)/A?0.25 ??(2) where A represents an area where the fluorine exists measured by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), B represents an area where the aluminum exists measured by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and AB represents an overlapping area between A and B. Toner stored unit, image forming apparatus, and image forming method.

Abstract: A toner, wherein an amount of Al detected in the toner is 0.7% to 1.3%, where the amount of Al detected is determined based on quantitative analysis of Al by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis (XPS), and wherein [Tg2nd (THF insoluble matter)] is ?40° C. to 30° C., where the [Tg2nd (THF insoluble matter)] is a glass transition temperature measured in second heating of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of THF insoluble matter of the toner.

Abstract: A toner, including: base particles containing a polyester resin, a colorant, and a release agent, wherein the toner has a glass transition temperature (Tg1st) of 20° C. to 50° C. where the glass transition temperature (Tg1st) is measured in first heating of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the toner, wherein tetrahydrofuran (THF) insoluble matter of the toner has a glass transition temperature [Tg2nd (THF insoluble matter)] of 30° C. or lower where the glass transition temperature [Tg2nd (THF insoluble to matter)] is measured in second heating of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the THF insoluble matter, and wherein 50% or less of the colorant is present within a region of 1,000 nm from a surface of each of the base particles toward a center thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a toner including at least a polyester resin, wherein the polyester resin has a urethane bond and a urea bond, wherein a ratio (B)/(A) between a nitrogen content (A) in a compound that is contained in a pyrolysate of the toner produced when the toner is pyrolyzed from 50° C. to 700° C. and has two isocyanate groups and a nitrogen content (B) in a compound that is contained in the pyrolysate and has one isocyanate group and one amino group satisfies 0.6?(B)/(A)?1.3, and wherein a nitrogen content in the surface of the toner is from 0 atom % to 0.9 atom %.

Abstract: A toner, wherein an amount of Al detected in the toner is 0.7% to 1.3%, where the amount of Al detected is determined based on quantitative analysis of Al by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis (XPS), and wherein [Tg2nd (THF insoluble matter)] is ?40° C. to 30° C., where the [Tg2nd (THF insoluble matter)] is a glass transition temperature measured in second heating of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of THF insoluble matter of the toner.

Abstract: A toner, including: base particles containing a polyester resin, a colorant, and a release agent, wherein the toner has a glass transition temperature (Tg1st) of 20° C. to 50° C. where the glass transition temperature (Tg1st) is measured in first heating of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the toner, wherein tetrahydrofuran (THF) insoluble matter of the toner has a glass transition temperature [Tg2nd (THF insoluble matter)] of 30° C. or lower where the glass transition temperature [Tg2nd (THF insoluble to matter)] is measured in second heating of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the THF insoluble matter, and wherein 50% or less of the colorant is present within a region of 1,000 nm from a surface of each of the base particles toward a center thereof.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a toner including forming a wax liquid dispersion in which a wax is dispersed in an organic solvent (A1), mixing an organic layer including the wax liquid dispersion, a binder resin and an organic solvent (A) to form an oil phase and dispersing and emulsifying the oil phase in an aqueous medium to obtain an emulsified liquid dispersion, wherein the aspect ratio average of the wax in the wax liquid dispersion is from 0.3 to 0.7 and the toner includes toner particles satisfying the following relationship (1) in an amount of 20% by number or smaller based on all toner particles: 0.5<D2/D1, relationship (1), where D1 represents the major diameter (D1) of the toner and D2 represents the major diameter of the wax.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a toner including dispersing a binder resin, a coloring agent and a releasing agent in an organic solvent to obtain an oil phase; dispersing the oil phase in an aqueous medium with a shearing force to obtain a dispersion emulsion; wherein the shearing force is made by a screen or vessel that is situated around a rotor, the screen spinning in a direction opposite to the direction that the rotor spins. Toner produced. Method of using the toner.