Abstract: In a star type network which distributes loads by a plurality of multi-point switches MP-SWs, the information on the number of normal ports for each identifier of the logical connection is sent from an MP-SW to a slave SW, and the slave SW selects an MP-SW having a higher number of normal ports as the transfer destination of the data frame for each identifier. This node redundancy method can switch lines easily at high-speed when a link down occurs.

Abstract: To sophisticate a portable electronic appliance without hindering reduction of the weight and the size, more specifically, to sophisticate a liquid crystal display apparatus installed in a portable electronic appliance without hindering the mechanical strength, a liquid crystal display apparatus includes a first plastic substrate, a light-emitting device which is disposed over the first plastic substrate, resin which covers the light-emitting device, an insulating film which is in contact with the resin, a semiconductor device which is in contact with the insulating film, a liquid crystal cell which is electrically connected to the semiconductor device, and a second plastic substrate, wherein the semiconductor device and the liquid crystal cell are disposed between the first plastic substrate and the second plastic substrate.

Abstract: A fan according to the present invention can be monolithically molded out of a metal with a low energy in combination with a structure of a metal mold, in which gate arrangement and/or distribution of dimensions of vanes is devised in injecting a low melting-point metal such as magnesium, wherein not only production but also reproducing such as recycling are facilitated, and also a metalwave of the fan can be produced in consideration of the global atmosphere preservation.

Abstract: A fan according to the present invention can be monolithically molded out of a metal with a low energy in combination with a structure of a metal mold, in which gate arrangement and/or distribution of dimensions of vanes is devised in injecting a low melting-point metal such as magnesium, wherein not only production but also reproducing such as recycling are facilitated, and also a metalwave of the fan can be produced in consideration of the global atmosphere preservation.

Abstract: A fan according to the present invention can be monolithically molded out of a metal with a low energy in combination with a structure of a metal mold, in which gate arrangement and/or distribution of dimensions of vanes is devised in injecting a low melting-point metal such as magnesium, wherein not only production but also reproducing such as recycling are facilitated, and also a metalwave of the fan can be produced in consideration of the global atmosphere preservation.