Abstract: When a circuit pattern for a semiconductor device is exposed on a substrate with a coating of photoresist by using a projection aligner with positioning pads to properly position the substrate, photoresist is removed from such areas on the substrate that are expected to come in direct contact with the pads. The removing is effected before the substrate is exposed so that accumulation of photoresist on the pads can be prevented and substrates to be exposed subsequently can also be positioned accurately by using the projection aligner.

Abstract: An electrically heated hair curling iron has first and second handles pivotally connected at one end for movement toward and away from each other. Supported on the free ends of the handles are an electrically heated rod and a press plate which respectively project outwardly from the free ends. A electric power supply cord is connected to the electrically heated rod by a rotatable connector formed as a protrusion on one of the pivotally connected ends of the handles on the opposite side of the handles from the free ends thereof. The axis of rotation of the connector is coaxial with the centerline between the two handles and is in the same plane as the pivotal connection between the handles. Thus the iron can be easily rotated without twisting the power cord. The iron has an adjustment to regulate the opening angle of the handles and a releasable lock for securing the handles together in closed condition.