Abstract: A device for measuring properties of scatterers which measures properties of a scatterer from a stereoscopic scattering distribution of the scatterer upon receiving an electromagnetic wave with a certain wavelength distribution is provided. In the device, a scatterer to be measured is placed on a specimen platform; the electromagnetic wave is irradiated onto the scatterer from at least either any one or more directions, or one or more continuous directions of a hypothetical spherical surface having the above-mentioned focal point as its center; scattering waves scattered by the scatterer and reflected off the paraboloidal mirror or projected onto the paraboloidal screen are imaged by the imaging means as planar imaging data; and from thus obtained imaging data, a stereoscopic distribution of the scattering waves generated by the scatterer is obtained so as to measure properties of the scatterer from the distribution result.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in which an anodic oxidation coating film is formed on all or a portion of a wall that faces a combustion chamber, wherein the anodic oxidation coating film has a structure that is provided with a bonding region in which each of hollow cells forming the coating film is bonded to the adjacent hollow cells, and a nonbonding region in which three or more adjacent hollow cells are not bonded to each other, and wherein a porosity of the anodic oxidation coating film is determined by a first void present in the hollow cell and a second void that forms the nonbonding region.

Abstract: A device for measuring properties of scatterers which measures properties of a scatterer from a stereoscopic scattering distribution of the scatterer upon receiving an electromagnetic wave with a certain wavelength distribution is provided. In the device, a scatterer to be measured is placed on a specimen platform; the electromagnetic wave is irradiated onto the scatterer from at least either any one or more directions, or one or more continuous directions of a hypothetical spherical surface having the above-mentioned focal point as its center; scattering waves scattered by the scatterer and reflected off the paraboloidal mirror or projected onto the paraboloidal screen are imaged by the imaging means as planar imaging data; and from thus obtained imaging data, a stereoscopic distribution of the scattering waves generated by the scatterer is obtained so as to measure properties of the scatterer from the distribution result.

Abstract: A method for regenerating a particulate collection filter by the use of a regenerative gas according to the present invention comprises a step for causing particulate combustion in only the downstream part of said filter in the flow of the regenerative gas by the use of the regenerative gas, and a step for causing the particulate combustion in the downstream part of the filter to propagate toward the upstream part of the filter in the flow of the regenerative gas. Therefore, the direction of propagation of the combustion is opposite to the direction of the flow of the regenerative gas so that only part of the particulate combustion heat in each part of the filter is transferred upstream. Accordingly, each part of the filter will not become too hot.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification device comprising a rotary type heat accumulator rotated by a turbine. An NO.sub.x absorbent is carried on this heat accumulator. The exhaust gas discharged from the turbine circulates in the heat accumulator via an exhaust duct, and at this time, the heat accumulator is heated and, at the same time, NO.sub.x is absorbed into the NO.sub.x absorbent. Air discharged from the compressor is heated when circulating in the heat accumulator and is subsequently fed into the combustion vessel. When the fuel is supplied to the air to be fed into the heat accumulator and becomes a rich gaseous mixture, NO.sub.x is released from the NO.sub.x absorbent.

Abstract: A compression-ignition type engine in which fuel is injected in a combustion chamber during the compression stroke or intake stroke before 60 degrees before top dead center of the compression stroke and at this time, the spread angle of the injected fuel is made small as the position of the piston is low. In addition, at this time, the mean particle size of the injected fuel is made a size in which the temperature of the fuel particles reaches the boiling point of the main fuel component, determined by the pressure in the combustion chamber, at substantially the top dead center of the compression stroke. After the injection and until about the top dead center of the compression stroke is reached, vaporization of the fuel by boiling from the fuel particles is prevented and the fuel of the fuel particles boils and vaporizes and is ignited and burnt after about the top dead center of the compression stroke.

Abstract: A compression-ignition type engine in which fuel is injected in a combustion chamber during the compression stroke or intake stroke before 60 degrees before top dead center of the compression stroke and in which the mean particle size of the fuel injected at that time is made a size in which the temperature of the fuel particles reaches the boiling point of the main fuel component, determined by the pressure in the combustion chamber, at substantially the top dead center of the compression stroke. After the injection and until about the top dead center of the compression stroke is reached, evaporation of the fuel by boiling from the fuel particles is prevented and the fuel of the fuel particles boils and evaporates and fuel is ignited and burnt after about the top dead center of the compression stroke.

Abstract: A single piece spring member which replaces the normal insert and spread spring ring arrangements, under the influence of the coupling sleeve moving toward a gear, biases the baulk ring against the gear to induce an initial stage of synchronization, until the coupling sleeve splines slip past the spring, whereafter engagement of chamfers on the coupling sleeve splines and with those on the teeth formed on the baulk ring, completes the synchronization and permits the coupling sleeve to move into engagement with teeth on the gear.

Abstract: In a gear shift mechanism for a manual transmission, a shift rod is axially moved by a driver's manual input force, and this movement is transmitted to a shifter member for shifting a sliding member in a gear train. The shifter member is a swingable lever having a perforation in which a movable member is received. The movable member is movable in and out of its interlocking position in which the movable member partly projects out of the perforation and engages with a recess formed in the side of the shift rod so that the shifter lever and the shift rod are interlocked. When the movable member is out of its interlocking position, the shift rod can freely move without moving the shifter member, so that the shifter member need not move from end to end of the full stroke of the shift rod. In another embodiment, the shifter member comprises a shifter lever and a bell crank.

Abstract: In a manual transmission having a gear which is movable within a range from its inoperative position to its operating position, there is provided a gear operating mechanism which is constructed to positively prevent the undesirable "gear disengagement".