Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprising a glass substrate and an opaque ceramic substrate both provided with electrodes, and a nematic liquid crystal contained in the gap between the substrates, in which the orientation of the nematic liquid crystal molecules is controlled by applying an electric voltage between the electrodes to achieve colored display against the color of the ceramic substrate.

Abstract: A non-liquid crystal organic compound having positive dielectric anisotropy is mixed with a nematic liquid crystal composition having negative dielectric anisotropy to obtain a nematic liquid crystal composition having positive dielectric anisotropy, which is used as an electro-optical element. Thus, the present invention aims at development of new use of the materials.

Abstract: An electro-optical display device which has linear polarizer, a 1/4-spectrum plate, a twisted nematic electro-optical cell disposed between the polarizer and the 1/4-spectrum plate, and a power source for applying an electric field to the cell.This device is for control, electrically, of the rotational direction of circular polarization and for electro-optical display of colors.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a pair of transparent substrates each provided with a transparent conductive film on the interior surface, boron nitride coating layers disposed on inner surfaces of the substrates and the conductive films, and a liquid crystal material interposed between the coating layers, the boron nitride layer being given preferred directions for aligning the molecules of the liquid crystal material. This structure increases the chemical stability and improves the alignment of the molecules of the liquid crystal material to a great extent.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device comprising two glass substrate plates positioned in parallel with each other at a nearly constant interval and a liquid crystal interposed between said glass substrate plates, an electrode being provided on each of the opposite surfaces of said glass substrate plates and a voltage being applied between said electrodes, "haze" which appears at the display surface can be removed by using a liquid crystal composition containing one or more additives capable of controlling the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules (namely, capable of forming a perpendicular orientation phase).

Abstract: Liquid crystal display in which a twisted nematic type liquid crystal cell is disposed between a linear polarizer and a guest-host type liquid crystal cell with homogeneous alignment and an electric field is selectively applied externally to arbitrary liquid crystal layers. Electro-optical control of inverted display of positive-to-negative images, complicated figure display and multi-color display is made possible.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy and a nematic liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy are mixed such that the mixture is given a positive dielectric anisotropy and whenever any kind of pleochroic dye is dissolved therein, can effectively utilize its absorption anisotropy for display performances. A clear color-to-color contrast display is provided by employing the mixed liquid crystal added with pluralkinds of dyes of which at least one is a pleochroic dye and at least two are different in hue and in preformance characteristics of display device.

Abstract: An electro-optical element comprising a nematic liquid crystal composition and at least one compound represented by the formula: ##SPC1##Wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms.Said compounds are pleochroic dyes having a special function which differs from hitherto known dyes in their interaction with nematic liquid crystal molecules. The electro-optical element makes it possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device which exhibits the desired figure in color differing from background colors.