Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus includes a container holder which holds a container for containing multiple substrates vertically stacked in horizontal postures, a substrate treatment section which collectively applies treatment to multiple substrates horizontally stacked in vertical postures, a main conveyance mechanism which conveys multiple substrates horizontally stacked in vertical postures between a substrate delivery position and the substrate treatment section, a carrying in/out mechanism which carries in/out the multiple substrates with respect to the container and changes postures of the multiple substrates between the horizontal postures and the vertical postures, and a sub conveyance mechanism which receives and delivers multiple substrates in vertical postures from and to the carrying in/out mechanism at a transfer position, receives and delivers multiple substrates in vertical postures from and to the main conveyance mechanism at the substrate delivery position, and conveys multiple substrates i

Abstract: A substrate treatment apparatus includes a container holder which holds a container for containing multiple substrates vertically stacked in horizontal postures, a substrate treatment section which collectively applies treatment to multiple substrates horizontally stacked in vertical postures, a main conveyance mechanism which conveys multiple substrates horizontally stacked in vertical postures between a substrate delivery position and the substrate treatment section, a carrying in/out mechanism which carries in/out the multiple substrates with respect to the container and changes postures of the multiple substrates between the horizontal postures and the vertical postures, and a sub conveyance mechanism which receives and delivers multiple substrates in vertical postures from and to the carrying in/out mechanism at a transfer position, receives and delivers multiple substrates in vertical postures from and to the main conveyance mechanism at the substrate delivery position, and conveys multiple substrates i

Abstract: A developing device for an electrophotographic copier has a supply tank above a developing tank with an opening therebetween. A sealing member is removably attached to the rims of this opening before the developing device is ready to be used. An end part of this sealing member is attached to a take-up shaft and the sealing member is pulled or peeled off to be wound around the take-up shaft when the developing device is set in the copier and the shaft becomes connected to a motor in the copier.

Abstract: A developing device for developing a toner image on a cylindrical electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a toner container which extends perpendicularly to the direction of the photoreceptor and a toner transporting device for moving the toner supplied from the container in the direction of the axis of the photoreceptor. The toner transporting device and the container are detachably attachable to each other and a normally closed shutter is provided at the opening through which toner can be dropped from the container into the toner transporting device. The shutter can be automatically opened when a toner transporting unit having a shutter-opening mechanism is attached to it.

Abstract: In a method for supplying a glass forming raw material in a reactor which comprises bubbling a carrier gas into a liquid glass forming raw material contained in a container and supplying a mixture of the glass forming raw material and the carrier gas in the reactor, pressure of an atmosphere surrounding said container and said reactor is kept constant to supply a desired amount of the glass forming raw material to the reactor.

Abstract: A method for producing a glass preform for an optical fiber which comprises the steps ofinserting a glass rod from one end of a glass tube while supplying a gas from the other end of the glass tube, flowing the gas through a clearance between the glass rod and the glass tube, exhausting the gas from said one end of the glass tube to outside of the glass tube, andheating and collapsing the glass tube on the glass rod to integrate them and to form the glass preform, which method yields a glass preform from which an optical fiber having improved strength and low attenuation of light is produced.