Abstract: Provided are a catalyst which inhibits light paraffins form being produced in catalytic cracking of heavy hydrocarbons and which effectively produces olefins and a process in which the above catalyst is used to produce olefins from heavy hydrocarbons at a high yield. The catalyst is a catalytic cracking catalyst for catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon raw material, comprising (A) pentasil type zeolite modified with a rare earth element and zirconium and (B) faujasite type zeolite, and the process is a production process for olefin and a fuel oil, comprising bringing a heavy oil containing 50 mass % or more of a hydrocarbon fraction having a boiling point of 180° C. or higher into contact with the catalyst described above to crack it.

Abstract: Provided are a catalyst which inhibits light paraffins form being produced in catalytic cracking of heavy hydrocarbons and which effectively produces olefins and a process in which the above catalyst is used to produce olefins from heavy hydrocarbons at a high yield. The catalyst is a catalytic cracking catalyst for catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon raw material, comprising (A) pentasil type zeolite modified with a rare earth element and zirconium and (B) faujasite type zeolite, and the process is a production process for olefin and a fuel oil, comprising bringing a heavy oil containing 50 mass % or more of a hydrocarbon fraction having a boiling point of 180° C. or higher into contact with the catalyst described above to crack it.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inexpensive and simple method for producing a starting material for polycarbonate resin and for producing polycarbonate resin. In the method for producing a starting material for polycarbonate resin production through interfacial polymerization, (I) a molten bisphenol compound is mixed and dissolved in an aqueous alkali solution at 20 to 80° C., or (II) it is, without being solidified, directly mixed with water to be in liquid at a temperature not higher than the melting point of the bisphenol compound, and then dissolved in an aqueous alkali solution.

Abstract: An image coding device for coding image data includes a motion inter-frame compensation predicting unit for predictively coding an image signal at each frame based on an input image signal and a stored image signal and outputting a predictive error signal, an orthogonal transformation unit for orthogonally transforming the predictive error signal, and a quantizing unit for quantizing a transforming coefficient formed by the orthogonal transformation. The image coding device further provides an image area detector for detecting a specified image area from the image represented by the image signal and error quantizing unit for deriving a quantizing error of the specified area. The quantized error derived by the unit is re-quantized in an error quantizing unit under control of an error coding control unit.

Abstract: Total image processing by way of high-speed parallel optical operations. A multiplication device memorizes a series of optical density figures representing a series of orthogonal function patterns and performs optical multiplications upon an original picture in comparison with each of the orthogonal function patterns. A summation device determines the expansion coefficients of the orthogonal functions for the whole original picture from the operation results obtained by the multiplication device. A quantizing and encoding device quantizes and encodes the orthogonal function expanding coefficients obtained by the summation device for compressing the data. The encoded data is transmitted to a picture restoring section which has the same optical system as the picture compressing section. This enables the system to conduct two-way picture encoding and restoring.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a method of thermally decomposing a hydrocarbon and a thermal decomposition tube used therefor. A plurality of spiral fins are formed on the inner wall surface of the thermal decomposition tube. Since no-fin portions are formed on portions of the inner wall surface, the flow of a hydrocarbon through the no-fin portions is made turbulent to a suitable degree. For this reason, coke is prevented from adhering to the inner wall surface of the thermal decomposition tube.