Abstract: A polarizing element includes a transparent substrate, a reflective layer constituting, on the transparent substrate, grid-shaped convexities arrayed at a pitch smaller than a wavelength in a used optical bandwidth, a dielectric layer formed on the reflective layer, a diffusion barrier layer formed on the dielectric layer, and an absorbing layer formed on the diffusion barrier layer such that the diffusion barrier layer is sandwiched between the absorbing layer and the dielectric layer. This polarizing element has an excellent optical property and is able to prevent mixing of the absorbing layer and the dielectric layer under a high temperature.

Abstract: To provide an inorganic polarizing plate which, when used in structures having different used wavelength bands, can reduce reflectance by using a common structure, making it possible to achieve a predetermined light extinction ratio. The inorganic polarizing plate has a substrate that is transparent to light in a used bandwidth, a reflective layer that is composed of grids that are formed on one surface of the substrate with a pitch that is smaller than a wavelength of light in the used bandwidth, a dielectric layer that is stacked on the reflective layer, and an absorbing layer containing FeSi fine particles.

Abstract: A wavelength plate, wherein first birefringent layer and second birefringent layer are laminated such that in-plane directions of optical axes of first birefringent layer and second birefringent layer cross each other, wherein the wavelength plate satisfies formulae (1), (2), (3), and (4), and wherein at least one of first birefringent layer and second birefringent layer is obliquely-deposited birefringent layer formed by oblique deposition, ?n1×t1=?/2??(1) 1.7?(?n1×t1)/(?n2×t2)?2.

Abstract: Provided is a polarizing element having excellent optical properties and high light resistance to intense light. This polarizing element is provided with a transparent substrate, an absorbing layer disposed on the transparent substrate and constituting grid-shaped convexities arrayed at a pitch smaller than the wavelengths in the optical bandwidth used, a dielectric layer formed on the absorbing layer, and a reflective layer formed on the dielectric layer. Because the absorbing layer, which interferes with and absorbs light, is in contact with the transparent substrate, heat dissipation can be improved and heat resistance of the polarizing plate can be improved.

Abstract: Provided are a polarizing plate having excellent optical characteristics, and a method for manufacturing the polarizing plate. The present invention is provided with: a translucent substrate through which light passes in a working band; a bundle structure layer constituted of a columnar sheaf comprising one or more material from among dielectrics, metals, and semiconductors, the bundle structure layer being formed on the translucent substrate; an absorption layer formed on the bundle structure layer; a dielectric layer formed on the absorption layer; and a reflection layer formed on the dielectric layer and arranged as a one-dimensional lattice at a pitch that is smaller than the wavelength of the light in the working band. Because the bundle structure layer increases light absorption and light scattering, the result is that reflectivity can be reduced and excellent optical characteristics obtained.

Abstract: This invention provides a polarization conversion element that is highly resistant to the heat and light that result from increased brightness levels. In said polarization conversion element, inorganic half-wave plates provided selectively on the output surface of a polarizing beam-splitter array have obliquely deposited layers comprising a dielectric material and the side surfaces of said obliquely deposited layers are covered by protective films.

Abstract: A small reactor, which contains an inorganic transparent substrate, which contains: a reaction channel configured to allow a chemical reaction to proceed therein; a supply channel, which is connected to one end of the reaction channel, and is configured to supply samples to be reacted in the reaction channel; and a discharge channel, which is connected to the other end of the reaction channel, and is configured to discharge a reaction product from the reaction channel, wherein the inorganic transparent substrate is in the shape of an arc-shaped curve.

Abstract: To provide an inorganic polarizing plate which, when used in structures having different used wavelength bands, can reduce reflectance by using a common structure, making it possible to achieve a predetermined light extinction ratio. The inorganic polarizing plate has a substrate that is transparent to light in a used bandwidth, a reflective layer that is composed of grids that are formed on one surface of the substrate with a pitch that is smaller than a wavelength of light in the used bandwidth, a dielectric layer that is stacked on the reflective layer, and an absorbing layer containing FeSi fine particles.

Abstract: To provide an inorganic polarizing plate which, when used in structures having different used wavelength bands, can reduce reflectance by using a common structure, making it possible to achieve a predetermined light extinction ratio. The inorganic polarizing plate has a substrate that is transparent to light in a used bandwidth, a reflective layer that is composed of grids that are formed on one surface of the substrate with a pitch that is smaller than a wavelength of light in the used bandwidth, a dielectric layer that is stacked on the reflective layer, and an absorbing layer containing FeSi fine particles.

Abstract: A heat radiation control element 11, which contains an inorganic layer 21 a surface of which has openings arranged two-dimensionally, and a reflecting film 22.

Abstract: Provided are a heat-absorbing material having high heat resistance and high wavelength selectivity, and a process for producing the same. The heat-absorbing material includes: a heat-resistant metal having the substantially same periodic structure in the light incidence plane as the wavelength of sunlight having a specific wavelength in the wavelength regions of visible light and near-infrared rays; and a cermet formed on the light incidence plane of the heat-resistant metal. Thus, there can be achieved desirable absorption and radiation characteristics being such that absorption is performed in the visible light region meanwhile reflection is performed in the infrared region. Furthermore, the cermet does not need complicated film-formation control, and therefore, the high heat resistance can be maintained.

Abstract: Provided is a retardation element, including: a transparent substrate; a retardation imparting antireflection layer; a first birefringent layer; and a second birefringent layer which has approximately the same average thickness as that of the first birefringent layer and contacts the first birefringent layer such that an angle formed between a first line segment representing the principal axis of refractive index anisotropy of the first birefringent layer and a second line segment representing the principal axis of refractive index anisotropy of the second birefringent layer is neither 0° nor 180° when the first line segment and the second line segment are projected on the transparent substrate such that an end A of the first line segment at a side of the transparent substrate and an end B of the second line segment at a side of the transparent substrate coincide with each other.

Abstract: A polarizing plate having an excellent optical property and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The polarizing plate includes: a transparent substrate 11 transmitting light in a used bandwidth; an absorbing layer 12 having at least a metal-containing semiconductor layer containing a metal, the absorbing layer being arranged as a one-dimensional lattice shaped wire-grid structure having a pitch smaller than the wavelength of the light in the used bandwidth; a dielectric layer 13 arranged as a one-dimensional lattice shaped wire-grid structure having a pitch smaller than the wavelength of light in the used bandwidth; and a reflective layer 14 arranged as a one-dimensional lattice shaped wire-grid structure having a pitch smaller than the wavelength of light in the used bandwidth, wherein the absorbing layer 12, the dielectric layer 13 and the reflective layer 14 are layered on the transparent substrate 11 in this or reversed order.

Abstract: A phase difference element capable of reducing reflection of incident light and a manufacturing method for the phase difference element are disclosed. The phase difference element includes a transparent substrate 11, an interface anti-reflection film group 12 and an obliquely vapor deposited film 13. The interface anti-reflection film group is composed by one or more of alternately high and low refractive index films, with the film thicknesses of the respectively films being equal to or less than the wavelength of light in use. The obliquely vapor deposited film is formed by a plurality of layers of a dielectric material. These layers are alternately obliquely vapor deposited from two directions differing by 180° from each other. The refractive index of the interface anti-reflection film group 12 is higher than the refractive index of the transparent substrate 11 and lesser than that of the obliquely vapor deposited film 13.

Abstract: A polarizing element includes a transparent substrate, a reflective layer constituting, on the transparent substrate, grid-shaped convexities arrayed at a pitch smaller than a wavelength in a used optical bandwidth, a dielectric layer formed on the reflective layer, a diffusion barrier layer formed on the dielectric layer, and an absorbing layer formed on the diffusion barrier layer such that the diffusion barrier layer is sandwiched between the absorbing layer and the dielectric layer. This polarizing element has an excellent optical property and is able to prevent mixing of the absorbing layer and the dielectric layer under a high temperature.

Abstract: Provided is a polarizing element having excellent optical properties and high light resistance to intense light. This polarizing element is provided with a transparent substrate, an absorbing layer disposed on the transparent substrate and constituting grid-shaped convexities arrayed at a pitch smaller than the wavelengths in the optical bandwidth used, a dielectric layer formed on the absorbing layer, and a reflective layer formed on the dielectric layer. Because the absorbing layer, which interferes with and absorbs light, is in contact with the transparent substrate, heat dissipation can be improved and heat resistance of the polarizing plate can be improved.

Abstract: To produce a wavelength plate that is superior in durability and stability and has a high moisture resistant property. A dielectric material is obliquely vapor deposited on a substrate so as to form a birefringent layer that has columnar portions in each of which fine particles of the dielectric material are stacked in a columnar shape, and interstices that are respectively formed between the columnar portions, and the birefringent layer is subjected to an annealing treatment at a temperature within the range of 100° C. or more to 300° C. or less. Then, a protective film with low moisture permeability is formed on the annealed birefringent layer by forming an inorganic compound on the birefringent layer at high density.

Abstract: A wave plate capable of increasing a birefringence quantity and being made into a thin film, and a method of manufacturing the wave plate. The wave plate includes a substrate, whereon convex portions and concave portions are formed with a period less than or equal to the wavelength of light that is used therewith, columnar portions, wherein fine grains of a dielectric material are layered by oblique vapor deposition of a dielectric material from two directions, in a columnar shape on the convex portions in the vertical direction relative to the surface of the substrate, and interstices that are located on the concave portions and disposed between the columnar portions. Using birefringence from the fine grains of the dielectric material and birefringence from the concave/convex portions of the substrate allows increasing the birefringence quantity and making a thin film.

Abstract: A stable percutaneous absorption-type pharmaceutical preparation for percutaneous administration of drugs except for selegiline and selegiline hydrochloride, which does not suffer a decrease in the cohesive force of the adhesive layer therein even in the presence of sweat components due to perspiration during wear and which is free from cohesive failure and resultant adhesive remaining when stripped off. A percutaneous absorption-type pharmaceutical preparation which comprises: a support; and an adhesive layer containing an adhesive, a metal chloride and a percutaneously-absorptive drug except for selegiline and selegiline hydrochloride, wherein the adhesive layer is subjected to a crosslinking treatment.

Abstract: A polarizing plate having a desired extinction ratio in a visible light region and light resistance against intense light, and a liquid crystal projector using the above polarizing plate are provided. A polarizing element includes a substrate transparent to visible light, and inorganic particle layers in each of which inorganic particles are linearly disposed, the inorganic particle layers being disposed on the substrate at predetermined intervals to form a wire grid structure, the inorganic particles each have an elliptical shape having a major axis of the inorganic particles in the disposed direction and minor axis in a direction perpendicular thereto.