Abstract: Arithmetic logic unit has an arithmetic logic circuit, an arithmetic circuit, and a selector which form a digital signal processor for processing video signals to be supplied to a display. The arithmetic logic circuit carries out one calculation selected from an addition of first and second input signals, a subtraction of the second input signal from the first input signal, and a subtraction of the first input signal from the second input signal, and the arithmetic circuit carries out a calculation selected from an addition of the first and second input signals and a subtraction of the first input signal from the second input signal. As a result of these calculations, the selector selects one of output signals of the arithmetic logic circuit and the arithmetic circuit. In this arithmetic logic unit, one of calculations of parallel addition and subtraction, addition and subtraction with selection, and absolute value of a difference is carried out.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device with a decreased temperature-dependence of response speed is obtained by using a liquid crystal composition having a temperature range where the composition assumes chiral smectic C phase. The temperature range of chiral smectic C phase includes a) a first temperature range where the liquid crystal composition shows a cone angle in chiral smectic C phase which increases on temperature decrease down to a mediate temperature, and b) a second temperature range, below the first temperature range, where the liquid crystal composition shows a cone angle in chiral smectic C phase which decreases on further temperature decrease below the mediate temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light-sensitive element for lithographic printing plates excellent in stain resistance and water-carrying capacity which comprises a support and, coated thereon in succession, at least one undercoat layer, a silver halide emulsion layer and a physical development nuclei layer wherein at least one of the layers on the silver halide emulsion layer-provided side of the support contains 0.1-2.0 g/m.sup.2 of a matting agent of 5.mu. in average particle size and the light-sensitive element has an arithmetical mean deviation of profile Ra of 1.2 or less.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit includes an instruction memory for storing arithmetic instructions, a instruction decoder for decoding the instructions read from the instruction memory, an arithmetic circuit for carrying out arithmetic process in accordance with the instructions decoded by the instruction decoder, data memory for storing data to be processed by the arithmetic circuit, and a multi-port type register for storing data read from the data memory and the results of the arithmetic results. In the signal processing circuit, arithmetic processes in the arithmetic circuit are carried out in parallel by transferring data between the multi-port type register and the arithmetic circuit in accordance with one instruction.

Abstract: A ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal composition, comprising at least one compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 respectively denote a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 respectively denote a single bond, ##STR2## Y.sub.1 denotes --CH.sub.2 O-- or --OCH.sub.2 --; and m and n are respectively 1 or 2; and at least one compound represented by the following formula (II): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent, R.sub.4 denotes a linear alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms; X.sub.3 denotes a single bond, ##STR4## Y.sub.

Abstract: A method of exposing the resist on a printed wiring board having through holes for connecting planar circuit patterns on the plane surfaces of the substrate is disclosed, wherein an electron beam direct writing system is utilized for scanning a converging electron beam as the exposure energy. The electron beam produced by the system enters the opening of the through hole, forming an inclination angle different from 0 degrees and up to 7 degrees with respect to the normal to the opening area of the through hole, such that the resist on the wall surface of the through hole is exposed simultaneously both by the direct and the reflected electron beam. The amount of exposure per unit area of the opening of the through hole may be controlled to 2 h/r times the amount of exposure per unit area over the planar surface of the substrate, wherein h and r are the depth and the radius of the through holes, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithographic printing plate material utilizing silver complex diffusion transfer process which can provide a lithographic printing plate markedly improved in water retentivity and prevented from deterioration of printability after storage. The lithographic printing plate material comprises a support and at least a silver halide emulsion layer and a physical development nuclei layer, wherein at least one of the physical development nuclei layer and a layer contiguous to the nuclei layer contains at least one water-soluble synthetic polymer selected from those which are represented by the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents H or an alkyl group and n represents 100-3500 and ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 represents H or an alkyl group, R.sub.3 represents H or an alkali metal, the ratio of n:m is 10:0-1:9, and polymerization degree is 100-3500.

Abstract: A mesomorphic liquid crystal composition stably exhibits lowered resistivity for quickly attenuating a reverse voltage caused by charge localization.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithographic printing plate material for silver complex diffusion transfer process by scanning type exposure which comprises a film support and, provided thereon, at least a silver halide emulsion layer and a surface physical development nuclei layer, wherein water content in the whole lithographic printing plate material including the support is 1.5% or less. Preferably, the silver halide emulsion comprises about 95 mol % or more of silver chloride, 90% by weight or more of the silver halide grains have a size within .+-.40% of average grain size, the silver halide grains have an average grain size of about 0.3.mu.-about 1.0.mu., and the surface of the grains is replaced with about 0.1 mol %-about 3.0 mol % of an iodide per 1 mol of the silver halide.

Abstract: Fine powder particles of an electrically conductive or semiconductive material, which have a diameter of 10 .mu.m or less, are pressurized, and at the same time, a pulse voltage is applied between the fine powder particles to produce an electric discharge therebetween. The fine powder particles are fused together at areas where they contact each other, thereby producing a porous sintered body. The porous sintered body is made of only an electrically conductive or semiconductive material without using any particle binders whatsoever.

Abstract: A colored glass laminate is formed of two glass plates and a pigment-colored (meth)acrylic resin sandwiched between the glass plates. The colored glass laminate is produced by arranging a spacer between the two glass plates, pouring a mixture of at least one (meth)acrylic monomer, a polymerization initiator and a pigment into a spacing defined between the two glass plates, and then polymerizing the (meth)acrylic monomer.

Abstract: A ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal composition, comprising at least one optically active compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent; R.sub.2 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-14 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent; and X.sub.1 denotes a single bond, ##STR2## and at least one optically active compound represented by the following formula (II): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 denotes a linear alkyl group having 1-14 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-14 carbon atoms capable of having a substituent; and X.sub.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal device comprises a pair of opposite electrodes and a ferroelectric liquid crystal disposed between the electrodes. At least one of the opposite electrodes is coated with a primer layer and an alignment layer on the primer layer. The alignment layer has a thickness d.sub.2 and is made of a material having a dielectric constant .epsilon..sub.2, and the primer layer has a thickness d.sub.1 and is made of a material having a dielectric constant .epsilon..sub.1 which are greater than d.sub.2 and .epsilon..sub.2, respectively. The ferroelectric liquid crystal is at least one mesomorphic compound represented by the formula R.sub.1 --A.sub.1 --X--A.sub.2 --R.sub.2 wherein A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 respectively denote a 6-membered ring-containing divalent group; X denotes a single bond or a divalent chain group; and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 respectively denote a branch or linear chain group, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 being the same or different.

Abstract: A method of exposing the resist on a printed wiring board having through holes for connecting planar circuit patterns on the plane surfaces of the substrate is disclosed, wherein an electron beam direct writing system is utilized for scanning a converging electron beam as the exposure energy. The electron beam produced by the system enters the opening of the through hole, forming an inclination angle different from 0 degrees and up to 7 degrees with respect to the normal to the opening area of the through hole, such that the resist on the wall surface of the through hole is exposed simultaneously both by the direct and the reflected electron beam. The amount of exposure per unit area of the opening of the through hole may be controlled to 2h/r times the amount of exposure per unit area over the planar surface of the substrate, wherein h and r are the depth and the radius of the through holes, respectively.

Abstract: An optically active mesomorphic compound represented by the formula (III) is obtained through an optically active compound represented by the formula (I) and then through a compound represented by the formula (II), respectively, shown below. ##STR1## In the above formulas, R represents a linear, branched or cyclic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 1-18 carbon atoms each capable of having a substituent, C* represents an asymmetric carbon atom, k is an integer of from 2 to 5, A is a releasable active group such as hydroxyl, l is 0 or 1, and when l is 1, m is 0, 1 or 2 and n is 0 or 1; R.sup.1 represents an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1-18 carbon atoms; ##STR2## respectively denote ##STR3## p, q and r are respectively 0 or 1 satisfying the relation of p+q+r.gtoreq.1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a photosensitive material for silver complex diffusion transfer process containing a hydroxybenzene developing agent which comprises coating at least one gelatin-containing coating solution on a support to form photographic layers including a photosensitive layer and drying the coat, said drying being carried out by raising surface wet-bulb temperature of the coat to 14.degree. C. or higher before gelatin concentration in the coat reaches at most about 30% by weight.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal device comprises a pair of opposite electrodes and a ferroelectric liquid crystal disposed between the electrodes. At least one of the opposite electrodes is coated with an insulating film having a thickness of 200 .ANG. or larger. The ferroelectric liquid crystal has a capacitance C.sub.LC measured in (nF/cm.sup.2) and a spontaneous polarization PS measured in (nC/cm.sup.2) and the insulating film has a capacitance Ci measured in (nF/cm.sup.2) wherein the magnitudes of C.sub.LC, Ps, and Ci satisfy the relationship ofCi.gtoreq.7.multidot.Ps-C.sub.LC.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor has two polarized electrodes each comprising a porous sintered body, and two current collectors each made of an electrically conductive material composed of a base and electrically conductive fine particles mixed in the base. The current collectors are held in contact with surfaces of the polarized electrodes and enter pores of the polarized electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprises a pair of substrates and a ferroelectric liquid crystal disposed between the substrates. At least one of the substrates has thereon a color filter layer and a protection layer for preventing direct contact between the color filter and the ferroelectric liquid crystal. Particulate spacers are preferably disposed between the substrates. The protection layer preferably comprises a film having a pencil hardness of HB or harder (JIS K 5401).

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a pair of substrates with a orientation controlling film being provided on at least one of the substrates through a base layer, and a ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal which is disposed between the substrates. The orientation controlling film has a uniaxial orientation processing axis. The ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal generates two different stable orientation states at high and low temperatures regions within the temperature range achieving the ferroelectric smectic phase. The ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal is in one of the two stable orientation states which is generated at the low temperature region when the liquid crystal in the other stable orientation state generated at the high temperature region cools. Where d is the thickness of the orientation controlling film and S is the average surface roughness of the base layer, d and S have the relation expressed by0.ltoreq.S/d<0.70.