Abstract: A photographic light-sensitive material processing method in which not only a low-replenishment process, a speedy process and a compensation process in addition to a standard process can be carried out, but replenishment can be performed appropriately for various types of film or the like. A plurality of color developers are accommodated in respective developing tanks. A controller sets conveyance paths to selectively convey light-sensitive materials to any one of the development tanks. Further, the controller controls the operations of replenishment pumps by calculating the appropriate replenishment rate in accordance with the quantity of processing of film through a conveyance quantity detection sensor, a density detection sensor, a memory and an arithmetic operation unit.

Abstract: An etchant which generates neither heat nor gas during the process, does not sublimate, is stable for a long period of time, requires no special pipings, and further requires no special treatment of waste water because of containing no organic solvents. The etchant is a solution containing hydrofluoric acid and an-oxoacid or oxoacid salt compound expressed by Mm(XOn)p (where M is hydrogen, one-to three-valence metal or NH.sub.4, m is 1 or 5, X is a halogen element, n is 3, 4 or 6, and p is 1, 2 or 3).

Abstract: A method for continuously processing a silver halide color photographic photosensitive material by treating this material with a color developer containing at least one aromatic primary amine color developing agent, comprises the steps of covering the surface of a color developer replenisher in a color developer replenisher tank with a layer of a floating fluid and replenishing 20 to 100 ml of the color developer replenisher per m.sup.2 of the photosensitive material to a color developing tank. This method makes it possible to inhibit the formation of the precipitate in the color developer replenisher caused when the amount of the replenisher is considerably reduced and also to inhibit the change of the photographic characteristics by change of the amount of the processed photosensitive material so that the amount of the color developer replenisher can be remarkably reduced to the range of 20 to 100 ml per square meter of the photosensitive material and that of the waste water can be also remarkably reduced.

Abstract: The exhaust gas cleaner comprising a heat-resistant, porous body and a catalyst supported by the body for cleaning an exhaust gas containing substantially no fine carbonaceous particles, which is equivalent to an oxidizing atmosphere, the catalyst consisting essentially of (a) one or more alkali metal elements; (b) one or more transition metal elements in Group IB; Group IIB, Group VA, Group VIA, Group VIIA, and Group VIII of the Periodic Table (excluding platinum-group elements), and Sn; and (c) one or more rare earth elements. The second catalyst consisting essentially of at least one platinum-group element, may be supported by the heat-resistant porous body.

Abstract: A furnace 1 runs while repeating a cycle in which the furnace inside temperature varies along a preset pattern of temperature change with time under the control of a primary controller 12, and adjustment input r being applied to an enlarged system including the furnace 1 and the controller 12 is renewed at the end of each cycle of operation, based partly on output from a dual system with respect to the enlarged system, so as to reduce error between the preset temperature and the furnace inside temperature in the next cycle. The temperatures of heaters 2 of the furnace 1 are controlled by a secondary controller 35, and the set values at the input of the secondary controller 35 are given by output signals (.tau.) from the primary controller 12 which responds to the furnace inside temperatures (y). The order of the dual system is reduced, and the renewal of the adjustment input r is quickened.

Abstract: The voltage controlled oscillator in a phase-locked loop comprises a voltage-current converter (62) and a current frequency converter (34). The voltage-current converter (62) comprises a voltage differential-current converter (64), a current-current converter (66) and a current adder-subtracter (68). In the voltage differential-current converter (64), only the voltage fluctuation or difference .DELTA.V.sub.CN with respect to one half a power supply voltage V.sub.DD /2, and not the absolute value of a control voltage V.sub.CN, undergoes current conversion as a control current I.sub.CN. Therefore, the center frequency of the oscillation frequency is not a factor of control voltage V.sub.CN and is controlled only by an offset voltage V.sub.B2. Accordingly, the center frequency can be independently set by changing offset voltage VB.sub.2. This is particularly significant in zone bit recording, which requires a wide frequency band.

Abstract: A tape cassette includes supply reel and a takeup reel each with a plurality of notches arranged along the entire outer circumference of the lower flange of the reel. A plurality of projections are provided on a lower housing of the cassette for engaging the plurality of notches, and a resilient member is provided in an upper housing of the cassette for biasing the supply reel and the takeup reel toward the lower housing, causing the notches to engage the projections to form a lock for preventing rotation of the reels when the tape cassette is not in use.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide color photographic material comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer which comprises subjecting the silver halide color photographic material to imagewise exposure and color development, and then processing with a processing solution having bleaching ability, wherein the silver halide emulsion layer contains silver halide grains having a composition such that tabular silver iodobromide grains having an aspect ratio of not higher than 3 account for at least 50% of the entire projected area of the silver halide grains, and the processing solution having bleaching ability contains as a bleaching agent an iron (III) complex salt of a compound having the described structural formula, used in a concentration of 0.01 to 0.17 mol/liter.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaner comprising a heat-resistant, porous filter, a porous ceramic layer formed on the filter, and a catalyst supported by the ceramic layer, the catalyst consisting essentially of:(a) at least one of alkali metal elements;(b) copper and vanadium; and(c) at least one of rare earth elements.By using this exhaust gas cleaner, particulate matter in the exhaust gas is oxidized by the catalyst supported by the filter, and nitrogen oxides are reduced by the particulate matter serving as a reducing agent.

Abstract: An exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides and particulate matter is cleaned by using an exhaust gas cleaner including a heat-resistant, porous filter; a porous ceramic powder layer formed on the filter; and a catalyst supported by the ceramic powder layer, the catalyst consisting essentially of (a) at least one of alkali metal elements, (b) cobalt and/or manganese, (c) vanadium, and (d) at least one of rare earth elements, whereby the nitrogen oxides are reduced by the particulate matter in the exhaust gas serving as a reducing agent.

Abstract: The frequency control and phase control of a voltage-controlled oscillator (50) of a phase-locked loop (100) comprise two current paths. The frequency control system comprises a filter (75) that converts pulse output current (i.sub.1) of a charge pump (70) generated by phase error signals (X.sub.1, X.sub.2) to a DC voltage, and a resistor (R.sub.1 or R.sub.2) that converts that voltage to DC current (i.sub.3), and the phase control system comprises a charge pump (80) that generates a pulse output current (i.sub.2) using the phase error signals (X.sub.1, X.sub.2). The frequency and phase of the oscillator output (V.sub.OUT) of the voltage-controlled oscillator (50) is controlled by a composite current i.sub.4, which is the sum of the DC current (i.sub.3) and the output current i.sub.2. Since it is possible to make the natural angular frequency proportional to the data transfer rate while the damping factor remains unchanged, by changing the value of the currents (i.sub.3, i.sub.

Abstract: The voltage-controlled oscillator in a phase-locked loop comprises a voltage-current converter (62) and a current frequency converter (34). The voltage-current converter (62) comprises a voltage differential-current converter (64), a current-current converter (66) and a current adder-subtracter (68). In the voltage differential-current converter (64), only the voltage fluctuation or difference .DELTA.V.sub.CN with respect to one-half a power supply voltage V.sub.DD /2, and not the absolute value of a control voltage V.sub.CN, undergoes current conversion as a control current I.sub.CN. Therefore, the center frequency of the oscillation frequency is not a factor of control voltage V.sub.CN and is controlled only by an offset voltage V.sub.B2. Accordingly, the center frequency can be independently set by changing offset voltage V.sub.B2. This is particularly significant in zone bit recording, which requires a wide frequency band.

Abstract: An exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides and particulate matter is cleaned by using an exhaust gas cleaner including a heat-resistant, porous filter; a porous ceramic powder layer formed on the filter; and a catalyst supported by the ceramic powder layer, the catalyst consisting essentially of (a) at least one of alkali metal elements, (b) cobalt and/or manganese, (c) vanadium, and (d) at least one of rare earth elements, whereby the nitrogen oxides are reduced by the particulate matter in the exhaust gas serving as a reducing agent.

Abstract: A photographic bleaching solution for procesisng a silver halide color photographic material, comprising an iron(III) complex salt of an organic acid in a concentration of from 0.01 mol/l to less than 0.1 mol/l, at least 50 mol % of said iron(III) complex salt of an organic acid contained in the bleaching solution is an iron(III) complex salt of an organic acid having an oxidation-reduction potential of not lower than 200 mV determined by using a normal hydrogen electrode at pH 5.0 (excluding iron(III) complex salts of iminodiacetic acid and iron(III) complex salts of methyliminodiacetic acid), and an acid having a pKa of from 2 to 5.5 (excluding aminopolycarboxylic acids, salts thereof and iron complex salts of the aminopolycarboxylic acids) in a concentration of from 0.1 mol/l to 0.8 mol/l, and the concentration of ammonium ion in the bleaching solution is not higher than 0.3 mol/l. A method for processing a silver halide color photographic material using said bleaching solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of processing a silver halide color photographic material where an imagewise exposed silver halide color photographic material is, after color-developed, processed with a bleaching solution contains (1,3-diamino-propanetetraacetato)iron (III) complex and that, when the material is processed with the said processing solution having a fixing ability, a jet stream of the said processing solution is run against the emulsion surface of the said photographic material. By the method, rapid desilvering is possible, and the material processed is not stained.

Abstract: A vacuum package of a color developing composition comprising an aromatic primary amine color developing agent and other components is obtained by vacuum packaging the components in a bag as a layered structure of at least three solid state layers each consisting of a distinct component. A bottom layer consists of the color developing agent. A layer containing a component selected from an organic acid, brightener, polymer, surface active agent, and neutral salt is disposed adjacent the color developing agent layer. Additional layers containing a preservative and an alkaline agent are stacked on the bottom layer through the adjacent layer. The packaged composition is taken out of the bag and diluted with water to prepare a color developer.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaner comprising a heat-resistant, porous filter, a porous ceramic layer formed on the filter, and a catalyst supported by the ceramic layer, the catalyst consisting essentially of:(a) at least one of alkali metal elements;(b) copper and vanadium; and(c) at least one of rare earth elements.By using this exhaust gas cleaner, particulate matter in the exhaust gas is oxidized by the catalyst supported by the filter, and nitrogen oxides are reduced by the particulate matter serving as a reducing agent.

Abstract: The exhaust gas cleaner comprising a heat-resistant, porous body and a catalyst supported by the body for cleaning an exhaust gas containing substantially no fine carbonaceous particles, which is equivalent to an oxidizing atmosphere, the catalyst consisting essentially of (a) one or more alkali metal elements; (b) one or more transition metal elements in Group IB; Group IIB, Group VB, Group VIB, Group VIIB and Group VIII of the Periodic Table (excluding platinum-group elements), and Sn; and (c) one or more rare earth elements. The second catalyst consisting essentially of at least one platinum-group element, may be supported by the heat-resistant, porous body.