Abstract: Provided is an aqueous ink for ink jet capable of recording an image that is excellent in abrasion resistance immediately after recording and glossiness. The aqueous ink for ink jet includes: a coloring material dispersed by an action of an anionic group, a resin particle and a wax particle dispersed by a dispersant. A resin for forming the resin particle includes a unit having a cyano group and a volume-based 50% cumulative particle diameter Dw of the wax particle is larger than a volume-based 50% cumulative particle diameter Dc of the coloring material and a volume-based 50% cumulative particle diameter Dr of the resin particle.

Abstract: Provided is an ink jet recording method by which even when a recording medium having a relatively small basis weight or a highly water-absorbing recording medium is used, an image can be recorded while the occurrence of cockling is suppressed. The method is an ink jet recording method including recording an image on a recording medium with an ink jet recording apparatus including a blowing portion configured to blow air to the recording medium to dry an aqueous ink. The blowing portion includes conveying members and a blowing device. The conveying members include a first conveying member free of an adsorption mechanism and a second conveying member including an adsorption mechanism in the stated order. The aqueous ink includes a water-soluble organic solvent.

Abstract: A motor control device includes an acceleration portion for increasing a target number of rotations of a motor every predetermined calculation cycle until the target number of rotations of the motor reaches an upper limit number of rotations, which is set on the basis of a reached position of a driven object from a reference position, the driven object is driven by the motor so that a position of the driven object is changed, a deceleration portion for decreasing the target number of rotations of the motor every calculation cycle after the target number of rotations reaches the upper limit number of rotations, and a main control portion for controlling a drive of the motor on the basis of the target number of rotations.

Abstract: A motor control device, which includes a main control portion configured to actuate a motor, which displaces a driven object between a first position and a second position in an acceleration control mode in which a rotation speed of the motor gradually increases, in a deceleration control mode in which the rotation speed of the motor gradually decreases, and in a constant speed control mode in which the rotation speed of the motor is maintained at a constant level, and a displacement interference detection portion detecting that the displacement of the driven object is interfered using an actual rotation speed, which is the actual rotation speed of the motor, and an ideal rotation speed of the motor, on which a control result by the main control portion including a feedback control is reflected.

Abstract: A motor control device includes an acceleration portion for increasing a target number of rotations of a motor every predetermined calculation cycle until the target number of rotations of the motor reaches an upper limit number of rotations, which is set on the basis of a reached position of a driven object from a reference position, the driven object is driven by the motor so that a position of the driven object is changed, a deceleration portion for decreasing the target number of rotations of the motor every calculation cycle after the target number of rotations reaches the upper limit number of rotations, and a main control portion for controlling a drive of the motor on the basis of the target number of rotations.

Abstract: A motor control device, which includes a main control portion configured to actuate a motor, which displaces a driven object between a first position and a second position in an acceleration control mode in which a rotation speed of the motor gradually increases, in a deceleration control mode in which the rotation speed of the motor gradually decreases, and in a constant speed control mode in which the rotation speed of the motor is maintained at a constant level, and a displacement interference detection portion detecting that the displacement of the driven object is interfered using an actual rotation speed, which is the actual rotation speed of the motor, and an ideal rotation speed of the motor, on which a control result by the main control portion including a feedback control is reflected.

Abstract: An automatic transmission including plural friction engaging elements configures plural shift ranges based on combinations of each friction engaging element being in engaging or disengaging condition and a controlling unit for controlling the friction engaging elements to be in engaging or disengaging condition by controlling a hydraulic pressure applied.

Abstract: An automatic transmission including plural friction engaging elements configures plural shift ranges based on combinations of each friction engaging element being in engaging or disengaging condition and a controlling unit for controlling the friction engaging elements to be in engaging or disengaging condition by controlling a hydraulic pressure applied.

Abstract: A control apparatus for controlling a shift operation in an automatic transmission includes a disengaging side controlling device for performing a feedback control so as to substantially match a slip amount calculated by a slip amount calculating device with a target slip amount calculated by a target slip amount calculating device when the calculated slip amount is judged to be in excess of the predetermined threshold value by a judging device. The target slip amount varies from a predetermined threshold value to a predetermined target value drawing an ideal trace for restraining a shift shock and is maintained at the predetermined target value. The control apparatus further includes an engaging side controlling device for increasing a torque to be transmitted to an on-coming friction engagement element in association with commencement of the feedback control.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, an automatic transmission includes plural friction engaging elements configures plural shift ranges based on combinations of each friction engaging element being in engaging or disengaging condition, a controlling unit for controlling the friction engaging elements to be in engaging or disengaging condition by controlling a hydraulic pressure applied.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, an automatic transmission includes plural friction engaging elements configures plural shift ranges based on combinations of each friction engaging element being in engaging or disengaging condition, a controlling unit for controlling the friction engaging elements to be in engaging or disengaging condition by controlling a hydraulic pressure applied.

Abstract: A control apparatus for controlling a shift operation sets an output Mout from a reference model M(s), which is ideally changed, as a target slip amount of a feedback controller Cpi(s). The controller Cpi(s) controls torque transmitted to an off-going friction engagement element for matching a control slip amount sp with the target slip amount. The characteristics of the controller Cpi(s) is determined for optimally performing a clutch-to-clutch shift operation during a lock-up clutch being engaged. When the lock-up clutch has been disengaged, an input shaft rotation speed is filtered by a notch filter NF for removing a frequency component in a predetermined frequency domain, wherein the control slip amount sp is obtained based upon the filtered input shaft rotation speed.

Abstract: A control apparatus for controlling a shift operation in an automatic transmission includes a disengaging side controlling means for performing a feedback control so as to substantially match a slip amount calculated by a slip amount calculating means with a target slip amount calculated by a target slip amount calculating means when the calculated slip amount is judged to be in excess of the predetermined threshold value by a judging means. The target slip amount varies from a predetermined threshold value to a predetermined target value drawing an ideal trace for restraining a shift shock and is maintained at the predetermined target value. The control apparatus further includes an engaging side controlling means for increasing a torque to be transmitted to an on-coming friction engagement element in association with commencement of the feedback control.

Abstract: In a defect detecting method for detecting defect of a measured optical fiber, the defect of the optical fiber is detected on the basis of a pattern of the intensity distribution obtained by illuminating a laser beam on to the optical fiber, the pattern of the intensity distribution is subjected to a weak smoothing process and a strong smoothing process to form first and second pattern, respectively, and a judging pattern is formed on the basis of a difference or quotient between the first and second pattern, and then is subjected to Fourier transform to form a Fourier transform pattern which is evaluated by using double logarithmic axis, and judging curve having high contributing rate to the Fourier transform pattern is applied to the Fourier transform pattern, and the defect of the optical fiber is detected on the basis of magnitude of the dispersion of the Fourier transform pattern from the judging curve.

Abstract: In defect detecting method for detecting defect of an optical fiber to be measured, in which a laser beam is illuminated onto an optical fiber to be measured from a direction transverse to an optical axis of the fiber to check intensity distribution of forward scattering light permeated through within the optical fiber and scattered, and the defect of the optical fiber to be measured is detected on the basis of a pattern of the intensity distribution, the pattern of the intensity distribution is subjected to a smoothing process having weak smoothness and a smoothing process having strong smoothness to form first and second patterns, respectively, and a judging pattern is formed on the basis of a difference or the quotient between the first and second patterns, and the defect of the optical fiber to be measured is detected by evaluating magnitude of the judging pattern.

Abstract: A control apparatus for controlling a shift operation sets an output Mout from a reference model M(s), which is ideally changed, as a target slip amount of a feedback controller Cpi(s). The controller Cpi(s) controls torque transmitted to an off-going friction engagement element for matching a control slip amount sp with the target slip amount. The characteristics of the controller Cpi(s) is determined for optimally performing a clutch-to-clutch shift operation during a lock-up clutch being engaged. When the lock-up clutch has been disengaged, an input shaft rotation speed is filtered by a notch filter NF for removing a frequency component in a predetermined frequency domain, wherein the control slip amount sp is obtained based upon the filtered input shaft rotation speed.

Abstract: In defect detecting method for detecting defect of an optical fiber to be measured, in which a laser beam is illuminated onto an optical fiber to be measured from a direction transverse to an optical axis of the fiber to check intensity distribution of forward scattering light permeated through within the optical fiber and scattered, and the defect of the optical fiber to be measured is detected on the basis of a pattern of the intensity distribution, the pattern of the intensity distribution is subjected to a smoothing process having weak smoothness and a smoothing process having strong smoothness to form first and second patterns, respectively, and a judging pattern is formed on the basis of a difference or the quotient between the first and second patterns, and the defect of the optical fiber to be measured is detected by evaluating magnitude of the judging pattern.

Abstract: A hydraulic pressure control device for an automatic transmission is adapted to smoothly change the slip amount of the automatic transmission when a clutch to clutch shift control is performed. The hydraulic pressure control device uses a reference model showing a behavior with an output corresponding to a predetermined slip amount which smoothly varies over time with respect to a target slip amount which varies in a stepped manner. The hydraulic pressure is applied to a release side frictional engagement element using a controller CEMM (s) which shows a behavior such that the controller CEMM(s) and a controlled object P(s) are collaborated to correspond to the reference model. The controller CEMM(s) and the controlled object P(s) have the hydraulic pressure applied to the release side frictional engagement element of the automatic transmission as an input and the slip amount of the automatic transmission as an output.

Abstract: A hydraulic pressure control device for an automatic transmission is adapted to smoothly change the slip amount of the automatic transmission when a clutch to clutch shift control is performed. The hydraulic pressure control device uses a reference model showing a behavior with an output corresponding to a predetermined slip amount which smoothly varies over time with respect to a target slip amount which varies in a stepped manner. The hydraulic pressure is applied to a release side frictional engagement element using a controller CEMM (s) which shows a behavior such that the controller CEMM (s) and a controlled object P(s) are collaborated to correspond to the reference model. The controller CEMM (s) and the controlled object P(s) have the hydraulic pressure applied to the release side frictional engagement element of the automatic transmission as an input and the slip amount of the automatic transmission as an output.

Abstract: In defect detecting method for detecting defect of an optical fiber to be measured, in which a laser beam is illuminated onto an optical fiber to be measured from a direction transverse to an optical axis of the fiber to check intensity distribution of forward scattering light permeated through within the optical fiber and scattered, and the defect of the optical fiber to be measured is detected on the basis of a pattern of the intensity distribution, the pattern of the intensity distribution is subjected to a smoothing process having weak smoothness and a smoothing process having strong smoothness to form first and second patterns, respectively, and a judging pattern is formed on the basis of a difference or the quotient between the first and second patterns, and the defect of the optical fiber to be measured is detected by evaluating magnitude of the judging pattern.