Abstract: A light source including a light-emitting device including a substrate, and a first light-emitting element and a second light-emitting element that are located on the substrate. The light source further includes a drive circuit to supply a current to drive the light-emitting device, a switch configured to switch between a first state of supplying a current to only the first light-emitting element and a second state of supplying a current to only the second light-emitting element, and a timing controller configured to control a timing of an operation of the switch. A light emission peak wavelength of the first light-emitting element is 430 nm or greater and less than 490 nm. A light emission peak wavelength of the second light-emitting element is 490 nm or greater and less than 570 nm. A forward voltage of the second light-emitting element is less than a forward voltage of the first light-emitting element.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes a housing, a first member and a second member provided between the housing and the first member. The housing has a first through hole including a first opening that faces the first member. The second member has a second through hole including a second opening.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a sensor includes an element portion including a first base and a first element. The first element includes, a first fixed member fixed to the first base, a first resistance connecting member supported by the first fixed member, a first conductive connecting member supported by the first fixed member, and a first film portion supported by the first resistance connecting member and the first conductive connecting member. A first gap is provided between the first base and the first film portion. The first film portion includes a first resistance layer and a first conductive layer. The first resistance connecting member includes a first resistance wiring electrically connected to the first resistance layer. The first conductive connecting member includes a first conductive wiring electrically connected to the first conductive layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a sensor includes an element section including a first base and a first element. The first element includes a first fixed member fixed to the first base, a first connecting member supported by the first fixed member, and a first film portion supported by the first connecting member. A first gap is provided between the first base and the first film portion. The first film portion includes a first resistance layer, a first conductive layer, and a first conductive member provided between the first resistance layer and the first conductive layer. A potential of the first conductive member is fixed. A first electrical resistance of the first resistance layer is configured to change according to a state of a detection target around the first element.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a sensor includes an element section including a first base and a first element. The first element includes a first fixed member fixed to the first base, a first connecting member supported by the first fixed member, and a first film portion supported by the first connecting member. A first gap is provided between the first base and the first film portion. The first film portion includes a first resistance layer, a first conductive layer, and a first conductive member. The first resistance layer does not overlap the first conductive layer in a first direction from the first base to the first fixed member. The first conductive member overlaps the first resistance layer and the first conductive layer in the first direction. A first electrical resistance of the first resistance layer changes according to a state of a detection target around the first element.

Abstract: Provided is a separation and recovery method that is method of separating and recovering, from a mixture containing at least a resin layer 1 containing a hydrolyzable polymer A as a main component and a resin layer 2 containing a nonhydrolyzable polymer B as a main component, a hydrolytic component a of the hydrolyzable polymer A and the nonhydrolyzable polymer B, the method including a decomposition and separation step of subjecting the mixture to a hydrothermal reaction treatment to hydrolyze and separate the hydrolyzable polymer A, and to separate the nonhydrolyzable polymer B while a molecular weight of thereof is maintained.

Abstract: The present invention is a scintillator panel including: a substrate, a barrier rib formed on the substrate, and a scintillator layer containing a phosphor filling cells divided by the barrier rib, wherein the scintillator layer is formed of a plurality of layers having different phosphor concentrations. The present invention provides a scintillator panel in which formation of the barrier rib makes it possible to improve image clarity and obtain a sufficient amount of emitted light.

Abstract: The present invention is a scintillator panel including: a substrate, a barrier rib formed on the substrate, and a scintillator layer containing a phosphor filling cells divided by the barrier rib, wherein the scintillator layer is formed of a plurality of layers having different phosphor concentrations. The present invention provides a scintillator panel in which formation of the barrier rib makes it possible to improve image clarity and obtain a sufficient amount of emitted light.

Abstract: The in-cylinder fuel injection engine is characterized in that fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in two directions. When the homogeneous charge combustion is performed, a first spray block of fuel is injected inside of the cavity and a second spray block of fuel is injected outside of the cavity. When the stratified charge combustion is performed, both spray blocks are injected inside of the cavity.

Abstract: The in-cylinder fuel injection engine is characterized in that fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in two directions. When the homogeneous charge combustion is performed, a first spray block of fuel is injected inside of the cavity and a second spray block of fuel is injected outside of the cavity. When the stratified charge combustion is performed, both spray blocks are injected inside of the cavity.

Abstract: A combustion chamber of an in-cylinder direct fuel injection spark ignition engine having a pentroof composed of an intake side roof and an exhaust side roof, a piston, and a cylinder. The combustion chamber has a fuel injector provided between the intake side roof and the exhaust side roof inclined toward the exhaust side port, an intake port provided on the intake port side roof at an acute angle with respect to an extended line from the exhaust side roof so as to form a tumble flow of intake air along the exhaust side roof, a piston cavity with a curved surface formed on the top surface of the piston so as to reflect a fuel spray injected from the fuel injector together with that tumble flow in the direction of the intake side roof, and an electrode of a spark plug projected from the intake side roof so as just to collide with the tumble flow.

Abstract: The EGR gas flow is established based on the difference between an assumed value and a control target value of non-air components partial pressure calculated from target control values such as engine torque and at the same time the intake air flow passing through a throttle valve is established based on the difference between an assumed value and a control target value of air components partial pressure and based on the air components within EGR gas. Further, based on thus established EGR gas flow and the intake manifold pressure, the operating amount of an EGR actuator is calculated and based on thus established air flow passing through the throttle valve, the operating amount of an throttle actuator is obtained. Further, based on an estimated value of air components partial pressure, a final basic fuel injection amount is determined.

Abstract: In an in-cylinder fuel injection engine capable of selectively switching a combustion strategy from a stratified charge combustion to a homogeneous charge combustion and vice versa, when a coolant temperature at engine start is lower than a specified temperature, the combustion strategy is established to be a homogeneous charge combustion mode and this homogeneous charge combustion mode is held until the coolant temperature reaches the specified temperature. While the coolant temperature is higher than the specified temperature and lower than a warm-up completion temperature, the combustion strategy is switched from homogeneous to stratified by lowering the engine load from a high load area to a low load area so as to improve emissions and fuel economy.

Abstract: A combustion control system and method of a four cycle direct injection engine includes an igniter for igniting simultaneously in two cylinders, a firing cylinder and an off-firing cylinder. In the combustion control system, it is judged whether or not the spark discharge period following the ignition timing overlaps with the fuel injection period following the fuel injection starting timing. If it is judged not to overlap, the fuel injection starting timing determined based on the engine speed and the fuel injection amount is let be a final fuel injection starting timing. If it is judged to overlap, the spark discharge ending timing is obtained from the ignition timing and the spark discharge period and this spark discharge ending timing is let be a final fuel injection starting timing.

Abstract: In a catalyst activation control system for a direct fuel injection engine for igniting primary fuel injected into each cylinder, an additional fuel is injected at least once into each cylinder from an early period to a middle period of an expansion stroke of the primary fuel combustion in accordance with the engine operating conditions, to fire the additional injection fuel by flame propagation of the preceding fuel combustion (without re-ignition) for eliminating misfire, so that an exhaust gas temperature can be raised stably to activate catalyst for purification of exhaust gas. Further, any one of the additional fuel injection method and an ignition timing retarding method can be appropriately selected in accordance with the engine operating conditions for economization of fuel.

Abstract: When a damage in a high pressure line of a fuel pressure control system for a high pressure fuel injection engine is detected the fuel pressure is reduced to prevent fuel from blowing out of the damaged part. An acceleration detected by the acceleration sensor is compared with a set value. When the detected acceleration exceeds the set value, the system determines that such an emergency as a collision has happened, fully opens a solenoid type high pressure regulator provided downstream of the high pressure line of fuel system and stops the operation of a feed pump provided in a low pressure delivery line. Thereupon, the feed pump stops delivering the fuel to a high pressure fuel pump. On the other hand, the high pressure regulator is in a fully opened position. Thus, the fuel pressure in the high pressure line is relieved to a fuel tank.

Abstract: Based on the output signal of the fuel sensor, it is judged whether or not the fuel (liquid fuel) is detected in the high pressure fuel system. When the fuel is detected, the count value for counting the detecting time is compared with the predetermined value. If the count value is equal to or larger than the predetermined value, the electromagnetic type high pressure fuel regulator is rendered closed and the starter motor prohibition flag is cleared to admit energizing the starter motor. As a result of this, the engine is permitted to be started and thus the high pressure fuel pump starts to produce the high pressure in the high pressure fuel system, whereby a sticking or a scuffing in the fuel pump due to poor lubrication can be prevented and an overshoot of the fuel pressure or a void injection in the fuel injector can be avoided.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyarylene sulfides which comprises providing at least one cyclic arylene sulfide oligomer of the formula ##STR1## wherein S represents a sulfur atom, groups Ar, which may be the same or different, represent each an arylene radical having 6-24 carbon atoms, groups R, which may be the same or different, represent each a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl radical, or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy radical, or a primary or secondary amino group, n is an integer of from 2 to 50, and m is an integer of from 0 to 15, and heating said cyclic oligomer I in the presence of a ring opening polymerization catalyst so as to form polyarylene sulfide. The process produces polyarylene sulfides improved in chemical, physical and mechanical properties.

Abstract: Pencil writable and printable synthetic paper comprising a finely porous polyolefin film layer having an opacity of at least 80% obtained by stretching a polyolefin film containing from 8 to 65% by weight of an inorganic fine powder having on one or both sides thereof a stretched ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer film layer, at least one of the stretched ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer film layers having a coat layer thereon. When printed, the stretched ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer film layer prevents hydrocarbon solvents present in printing inks from penetrating into the polyolefin film layer to eliminate local surface unevenness and curling.

Abstract: The quantity of air passing a throttle valve of an engine is calculated and a weight for a weighted average is derived from a map in accordance with throttle valve position and engine speed. Engine load data is obtained by adding a last engine load data at a last program and a quotient calculated by dividing the difference between the throttle passing air quantity per revolution of the engine and the last engine load data by a present weight provided at a present program. Ignition timing is derived from a memory storing a plurality of ignition timings arranged in accordance with present engine load data and present engine speed.