Abstract: Provided is a separation and recovery apparatus for continuously separating and recovering, from a resin mixture containing a resin containing a hydrolyzable polymer and a resin containing a nonhydrolyzable polymer, a hydrolytic component a of the hydrolyzable polymer A and the nonhydrolyzable polymer B, the apparatus including: a crushing unit that crushes the resin mixture a melting/discharging unit that melts a crushed product obtained by the crushing unit to form a fluid and discharges the fluid at a high pressure; and a hydrothermal reaction treatment unit that continuously subjects the fluid discharged from the melting/discharging unit to a hydrothermal reaction treatment, wherein, in the melting/discharging unit, the hydrolyzable polymer A is hydrolyzed, and the hydrolytic component a thereof is dissolved and transferred into water permeating a sintered alloy diaphragm, thereby separating the nonhydrolyzable polymer B.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a filter includes a first layer and a second layer. The first layer includes a first resin provided with a plurality of holes. The first layer includes a first face. At least a part of the plurality of holes reaches the first face. The second layer includes a second resin. The second resin blocks at least a part of the plurality of holes reaching the first face.

Abstract: The present invention is a scintillator panel including: a substrate, a barrier rib formed on the substrate, and a scintillator layer containing a phosphor filling cells divided by the barrier rib, wherein the scintillator layer is formed of a plurality of layers having different phosphor concentrations. The present invention provides a scintillator panel in which formation of the barrier rib makes it possible to improve image clarity and obtain a sufficient amount of emitted light.

Abstract: The present invention is a scintillator panel including: a substrate, a barrier rib formed on the substrate, and a scintillator layer containing a phosphor filling cells divided by the barrier rib, wherein the scintillator layer is formed of a plurality of layers having different phosphor concentrations. The present invention provides a scintillator panel in which formation of the barrier rib makes it possible to improve image clarity and obtain a sufficient amount of emitted light.

Abstract: The in-cylinder fuel injection engine is characterized in that fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in two directions. When the homogeneous charge combustion is performed, a first spray block of fuel is injected inside of the cavity and a second spray block of fuel is injected outside of the cavity. When the stratified charge combustion is performed, both spray blocks are injected inside of the cavity.

Abstract: The in-cylinder fuel injection engine is characterized in that fuel is injected into the combustion chamber in two directions. When the homogeneous charge combustion is performed, a first spray block of fuel is injected inside of the cavity and a second spray block of fuel is injected outside of the cavity. When the stratified charge combustion is performed, both spray blocks are injected inside of the cavity.

Abstract: A combustion chamber of an in-cylinder direct fuel injection spark ignition engine having a pentroof composed of an intake side roof and an exhaust side roof, a piston, and a cylinder. The combustion chamber has a fuel injector provided between the intake side roof and the exhaust side roof inclined toward the exhaust side port, an intake port provided on the intake port side roof at an acute angle with respect to an extended line from the exhaust side roof so as to form a tumble flow of intake air along the exhaust side roof, a piston cavity with a curved surface formed on the top surface of the piston so as to reflect a fuel spray injected from the fuel injector together with that tumble flow in the direction of the intake side roof, and an electrode of a spark plug projected from the intake side roof so as just to collide with the tumble flow.

Abstract: The EGR gas flow is established based on the difference between an assumed value and a control target value of non-air components partial pressure calculated from target control values such as engine torque and at the same time the intake air flow passing through a throttle valve is established based on the difference between an assumed value and a control target value of air components partial pressure and based on the air components within EGR gas. Further, based on thus established EGR gas flow and the intake manifold pressure, the operating amount of an EGR actuator is calculated and based on thus established air flow passing through the throttle valve, the operating amount of an throttle actuator is obtained. Further, based on an estimated value of air components partial pressure, a final basic fuel injection amount is determined.

Abstract: In an in-cylinder fuel injection engine capable of selectively switching a combustion strategy from a stratified charge combustion to a homogeneous charge combustion and vice versa, when a coolant temperature at engine start is lower than a specified temperature, the combustion strategy is established to be a homogeneous charge combustion mode and this homogeneous charge combustion mode is held until the coolant temperature reaches the specified temperature. While the coolant temperature is higher than the specified temperature and lower than a warm-up completion temperature, the combustion strategy is switched from homogeneous to stratified by lowering the engine load from a high load area to a low load area so as to improve emissions and fuel economy.

Abstract: A combustion control system and method of a four cycle direct injection engine includes an igniter for igniting simultaneously in two cylinders, a firing cylinder and an off-firing cylinder. In the combustion control system, it is judged whether or not the spark discharge period following the ignition timing overlaps with the fuel injection period following the fuel injection starting timing. If it is judged not to overlap, the fuel injection starting timing determined based on the engine speed and the fuel injection amount is let be a final fuel injection starting timing. If it is judged to overlap, the spark discharge ending timing is obtained from the ignition timing and the spark discharge period and this spark discharge ending timing is let be a final fuel injection starting timing.

Abstract: In a catalyst activation control system for a direct fuel injection engine for igniting primary fuel injected into each cylinder, an additional fuel is injected at least once into each cylinder from an early period to a middle period of an expansion stroke of the primary fuel combustion in accordance with the engine operating conditions, to fire the additional injection fuel by flame propagation of the preceding fuel combustion (without re-ignition) for eliminating misfire, so that an exhaust gas temperature can be raised stably to activate catalyst for purification of exhaust gas. Further, any one of the additional fuel injection method and an ignition timing retarding method can be appropriately selected in accordance with the engine operating conditions for economization of fuel.

Abstract: When a damage in a high pressure line of a fuel pressure control system for a high pressure fuel injection engine is detected the fuel pressure is reduced to prevent fuel from blowing out of the damaged part. An acceleration detected by the acceleration sensor is compared with a set value. When the detected acceleration exceeds the set value, the system determines that such an emergency as a collision has happened, fully opens a solenoid type high pressure regulator provided downstream of the high pressure line of fuel system and stops the operation of a feed pump provided in a low pressure delivery line. Thereupon, the feed pump stops delivering the fuel to a high pressure fuel pump. On the other hand, the high pressure regulator is in a fully opened position. Thus, the fuel pressure in the high pressure line is relieved to a fuel tank.

Abstract: Based on the output signal of the fuel sensor, it is judged whether or not the fuel (liquid fuel) is detected in the high pressure fuel system. When the fuel is detected, the count value for counting the detecting time is compared with the predetermined value. If the count value is equal to or larger than the predetermined value, the electromagnetic type high pressure fuel regulator is rendered closed and the starter motor prohibition flag is cleared to admit energizing the starter motor. As a result of this, the engine is permitted to be started and thus the high pressure fuel pump starts to produce the high pressure in the high pressure fuel system, whereby a sticking or a scuffing in the fuel pump due to poor lubrication can be prevented and an overshoot of the fuel pressure or a void injection in the fuel injector can be avoided.

Abstract: A process for preparing polyarylene sulfides which comprises providing at least one cyclic arylene sulfide oligomer of the formula ##STR1## wherein S represents a sulfur atom, groups Ar, which may be the same or different, represent each an arylene radical having 6-24 carbon atoms, groups R, which may be the same or different, represent each a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl radical, or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy radical, or a primary or secondary amino group, n is an integer of from 2 to 50, and m is an integer of from 0 to 15, and heating said cyclic oligomer I in the presence of a ring opening polymerization catalyst so as to form polyarylene sulfide. The process produces polyarylene sulfides improved in chemical, physical and mechanical properties.

Abstract: Pencil writable and printable synthetic paper comprising a finely porous polyolefin film layer having an opacity of at least 80% obtained by stretching a polyolefin film containing from 8 to 65% by weight of an inorganic fine powder having on one or both sides thereof a stretched ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer film layer, at least one of the stretched ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer film layers having a coat layer thereon. When printed, the stretched ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer film layer prevents hydrocarbon solvents present in printing inks from penetrating into the polyolefin film layer to eliminate local surface unevenness and curling.

Abstract: The quantity of air passing a throttle valve of an engine is calculated and a weight for a weighted average is derived from a map in accordance with throttle valve position and engine speed. Engine load data is obtained by adding a last engine load data at a last program and a quotient calculated by dividing the difference between the throttle passing air quantity per revolution of the engine and the last engine load data by a present weight provided at a present program. Ignition timing is derived from a memory storing a plurality of ignition timings arranged in accordance with present engine load data and present engine speed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combustion system of an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber with two inlet openings and at least one outlet opening, an intake manifold for inducing mixture, two intake ports bifurcated from the intake manifold and communicated with the corresponding inlet openings and a swirl control valve disposed in the intake manifold. The combustion system has an improvement wherein a side passage in a spiral shape for guiding the mixture by bypassing the swirl control valve is formed along with the intake manifold and one of the intake ports from an upstream side of the swirl control valve to the inlet opening. The swirl control valve is arranged with a predetermined inclination so as to position an edge of the swirl control valve facing to the side passage to the upstream side of the other edge of the swirl control valve when the swirl control valve is fully closed.

Abstract: The quantity of intake air passing a throttle valve of an engine is calculated and a weight for a weighted mean is derived from a map in accordance with the throttle valve position and engine speed. The quantity of the intake air is calculated by multiplying the ratio of a weight at a last time to a weight at a present time by an intake air quantity produced at the last time to provide a product, by dividing a throttle passing air quantity produce by the throttle passing air calculator at the present time by a weight at the present time to provide a quotient, and by adding the product and the quotient.

Abstract: A synthetic paper printable in high gloss comprises (1) a multilayer support, (2) a layer of a transparent film of a thermoplastic resin free from an inorganic fine powder formed on one surface of the support (1), and (3) a primer layer of a specific material. The support (1) comprises (1a) a base layer of a biaxially stretched film of a thermoplastic resin and a surface and a back layer (1b) and (1c) composed of a monoaxially stretched film of a thermoplastic resin containing from 8 to 65% by weight of an inorganic fine powder.

Abstract: A fluorocarbon anion exchanger which is composed of a fluorocarbon polymer comprising a perfluorocarbon main chain and a pendant chain attached to the main chain, characterized in that the pendant chainhas a terminal group represented by the formula: ##STR1##