Abstract: Provided is a glass plate substitute film having superior substitutability for glass plates due to having superior impact resistance and light weight compared with glass plates, as well as sufficient scratch-preventing property, blooming resistance and yellowing resistance. The glass plate substitute film of the present invention includes: a substrate layer; and one or a plurality of surface layers overlaid on one side or both two sides of the substrate layer, wherein the substrate layer contains as a principal component a polycarbonate having a constitutional unit derived from a dihydroxy compound represented by the following formula (1), and wherein the dihydroxy compound is an extract of a plant or a derivative thereof. At least one surface layer of the one or the plurality of surface layers preferably contains an active energy ray-curable resin as a principal component. The active energy ray-curable resin is preferably an ultraviolet ray-curable epoxy resin.

Abstract: A light diffusion sheet capable of inhibiting emission of blue light, and a backlight unit for a liquid crystal display device. The light diffusion sheet includes: a transparent substrate layer; and a light diffusion layer overlaid on the front face side of the substrate layer. The light diffusion layer is a light diffusion sheet for a backlight unit of a liquid crystal display device containing a light-diffusing agent and a binder covering the light-diffusing agent, and includes a component that attenuates blue light. The blue light attenuation component is preferably a yellow fluorescent material that generates yellow light through excitation by blue light, or a light absorbing agent that absorbs blue light. The light diffusion layer preferably includes the blue light attenuation component. Preferably, the light-diffusing agent is resin beads, and the blue light attenuation component is included in the resin beads.

Abstract: Provided is a glass plate substitute film having superior substitutability for glass plates due to having superior impact resistance and light weight compared with glass plates, as well as sufficient scratch-preventing property, blooming resistance and yellowing resistance. The glass plate substitute film of the present invention includes: a substrate layer; and one or a plurality of surface layers overlaid on one side or both two sides of the substrate layer, wherein the substrate layer contains as a principal component a polycarbonate having a constitutional unit derived from a dihydroxy compound represented by the following formula (1), and wherein the dihydroxy compound is an extract of a plant or a derivative thereof. At least one surface layer of the one or the plurality of surface layers preferably contains an active energy ray-curable resin as a principal component. The active energy ray-curable resin is preferably an ultraviolet ray-curable epoxy resin.

Abstract: A light diffusion sheet capable of inhibiting emission of blue light, and a backlight unit for a liquid crystal display device. The light diffusion sheet includes: a transparent substrate layer; and a light diffusion layer overlaid on the front face side of the substrate layer. The light diffusion layer is a light diffusion sheet for a backlight unit of a liquid crystal display device containing a light-diffusing agent and a binder covering the light diffusing agent, and includes a component that attenuates blue light. The blue light attenuation component is preferably a yellow fluorescent material that generates yellow light through excitation by blue light, or a light absorbing agent that absorbs blue light. The light diffusion layer preferably includes the blue light attenuation component. Preferably, the light-diffusing agent is resin beads, and the blue light attenuation component is included in the resin beads.

Abstract: The present invention provides a particle counter capable of accurately discriminating the signal of scattered light by real particles from the background light noise, and furthermore, capable of detecting smaller particles than conventional particle counters. The particle counter according to the present invention includes: a light irradiator for emitting light to the measurement area 40 in a vacuum state or in a near vacuum state; a scattered light detector 32 for detecting scattered light generated when the light is delivered to the measurement area 40; a discriminator 18 for determining whether or not a particle exists in the measurement area 40 by comparing the detection signal of the scattered light detector 32 and a predetermined discrimination threshold; a vacuum gauge 12 for measuring the pressure of the measurement area 40; and the threshold setting unit 16 for setting a discrimination threshold in accordance with the pressure of the measurement area 40.

Abstract: The present invention provides a particle counter capable of sensitively determining the contamination level of a light transmission window. The particle counter according to the present invention includes: a light source 281 for emitting light through a light incident window 24 to a measurement area 40 in a vacuum state or in an approximately vacuum state; a scattered light detector 32 for detecting scattered light through a detection window 30, the scattered light being generated when a light is delivered to the measurement area 40; a vacuum gauge 12 for measuring the pressure of the measurement area 40; a signal processor 13 for converting a detection signal of the scattered light into an electrical signal; and a contamination level determiner 19 for determining the contamination level of the transmission window from the time average of the electrical signal and the pressure.

Abstract: A vacuum pump capable of accurately detecting a rotor temperature based on a change in permeability of a magnetic material. Two targets are fixed to a nut opposed to a gap sensor. The nut is made of pure iron, and a surface of the nut opposed to the gap sensor serves as a target. The target has a Curie temperature greater than a temperature monitoring range, and each of the targets has a Curie temperature falling within the temperature monitoring range. When the targets become opposed to the gap sensor in turn according to rotation of a rotor, three types of signals are output from the gap sensor. The difference-signal generation means generates a difference signal of each the targets, on the basis of a signal of the target. The difference signal is compared with a reference signal V0 for detecting the Curie temperatures to detect a rotor temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides a particle counter capable of accurately discriminating the signal of scattered light by real particles from the background light noise, and furthermore, capable of detecting smaller particles than conventional particle counters. The particle counter according to the present invention includes: a light irradiator for emitting light to the measurement area 40 in a vacuum state or in a near vacuum state; a scattered light detector 32 for detecting scattered light generated when the light is delivered to the measurement area 40; a discriminator 18 for determining whether or not a particle exists in the measurement area 40 by comparing the detection signal of the scattered light detector 32 and a predetermined discrimination threshold; a vacuum gauge 12 for measuring the pressure of the measurement area 40; and the threshold setting unit 16 for setting a discrimination threshold in accordance with the pressure of the measurement area 40.

Abstract: The present invention provides a particle counter capable of sensitively determining the contamination level of a light transmission window. The particle counter according to the present invention includes: a light source 281 for emitting light through a light incident window 24 to a measurement area 40 in a vacuum state or in an approximately vacuum state; a scattered light detector 32 for detecting scattered light through a detection window 30, the scattered light being generated when a light is delivered to the measurement area 40; a vacuum gauge 12 for measuring the pressure of the measurement area 40; a signal processor 13 for converting a detection signal of the scattered light into an electrical signal; and a contamination level determiner 19 for determining the contamination level of the transmission window from the time average of the electrical signal and the pressure.

Abstract: A vacuum pump capable of accurately detecting a rotor temperature based on a change in permeability of a magnetic material. Two targets are fixed to a nut opposed to a gap sensor. The nut is made of pure iron, and a surface of the nut opposed to the gap sensor serves as a target. The target has a Curie temperature greater than a temperature monitoring range, and each of the targets has a Curie temperature falling within the temperature monitoring range. When the targets become opposed to the gap sensor in turn according to rotation of a rotor, three types of signals are output from the gap sensor. The difference-signal generation means generates a difference signal of each the targets, on the basis of a signal of the target. The difference signal is compared with a reference signal V0 for detecting the Curie temperatures to detect a rotor temperature.

Abstract: A vacuum pump includes at least one magnetic body located on a circle about a rotor rotational axis and having a Curie temperature within a rotor temperature monitoring range; an inductance detecting portion facing the circle so as to establish a gap between the circle and the inductance detecting portion, for detecting a change of magnetic permeability of the magnetic body as an inductance change when the magnetic body rotates; and a carrier generation device generating a carrier signal for providing in the inductance detecting portion. An A/D conversion device samples a detection signal of the inductance detecting portion synchronously with a carrier generation by the carrier generation device, and converts the detection signal to a digital signal. A determination device determines whether or not a temperature of the rotor exceeds a predetermined temperature, based on the change of the magnetic permeability of the magnetic body.

Abstract: A vacuum pump includes at least one magnetic body located on a circle about a rotor rotational axis and having a Curie temperature within a rotor temperature monitoring range; an inductance detecting portion facing the circle so as to establish a gap between the circle and the inductance detecting portion, for detecting a change of magnetic permeability of the magnetic body as an inductance change when the magnetic body rotates; and a carrier generation device generating a carrier signal for providing in the inductance detecting portion. An A/D conversion device samples a detection signal of the inductance detecting portion synchronously with a carrier generation by the carrier generation device, and converts the detection signal to a digital signal. A determination device determines whether or not a temperature of the rotor exceeds a predetermined temperature, based on the change of the magnetic permeability of the magnetic body.

Abstract: A biomagnetism measuring method and apparatus for determining a positional relationship of an examinee with fluxmeters in a short time. A current supply unit simultaneously supplies alternating currents of different frequencies to a plurality of oscillator coils attached to the examinee, respectively. The fluxmeters detect magnetic fields simultaneously formed by the oscillator coils supplied with the currents. Field data thereby obtained are applied through a data collecting unit to a field analyzer for frequency analysis to recognize field strengths due to the respective oscillator coils for the respective fluxmeters. The field analyzer computes positions of the oscillator coils relative to the fluxmeters from the field strengths recognized for the respective oscillator coils and known values of the currents supplied to the respective oscillator coils.

Abstract: 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a lower alkoxy group or an arylthio group, R.sup.2 represents a carboxy group, an esterified carboxy group or an amidated carboxy group or, when taken together, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 form a group of ##STR2## R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, R.sup.4 represents a lower alkyl group, R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkanoyl group), and the salts of the carboxy group thereof, which are novel compounds having an anticoccidium activity, and which can be obtained by synthesis or, partly, by cultivation of Streptomyces auranticolor.

Abstract: A weft-bar (set mark) prevention system for a loom which can prevent a weft-bar caused when the loom is immediately restarted, after the loom has been stopped due to weft- or warp-thread cut (i.e., breakage of a weft or warp thread). When the loom is restarted from the closed-shed state, a greater additional warp tension is applied to the warp threads; when the loom is started from the open-shed state, a smaller additional warp tension is applied to the warp threads. After one or two cycles of the loom motion, the above-mentioned additional warp tensions are not applied, because the main motor is in a stable condition. The system according to the present invention comprises an optical loom-starting angle sensor for detecting whether the loom is started from the closed-shed or open-shed, a counter for determining at least one initial cycle during which warp tension is controlled, air cylinder to push the easing lever in the direction to increase warp tension.

Abstract: 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a lower alkoxy group or an arylthio group, R.sup.2 represents a carboxy group, an esterified carboxy group or an amidated carboxy group or, when taken together, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 form a group of ##STR2## R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, R.sup.4 represents a lower alkyl group, R.sup.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and R.sup.6 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkanoyl group), and the salts of the carboxy group thereof, which are novel compounds having an anticoccidium activity, and which can be obtained by synthesis or, partly, by cultivation of Streptomyces auranticolor.