Abstract: A light emitting element circuit has a light emitting element, a drive circuit that supplies a current to the light emitting element, and a signal circuit that autonomously supplies a signal according to an ambient temperature. The signal adjusts the current such that the current corresponds to a temperature characteristic of the light emitting element.

Abstract: A light transmission module includes an optical converter for converting an electrical signal to an optical signal; a light transmission path for transmitting the optical signal converted by the optical converter; an electrical transmission path for transmitting an input electrical signal; and a control instructing unit for instructing stop of drive to the optical converter based on a detection of an input electrical signal. When an input electrical signal having a predetermined frequency is detected, the input electrical signal having the predetermined frequency is converted to an optical signal and transmitted in the light transmission path. When input of an electrical signal other than the predetermined frequency is detected, the electrical signal other than the predetermined frequency is transmitted by the electrical transmission path without being converted to an optical signal due to the stop of the drive of the optical converter.

Abstract: A light transmission module has a light transmitting unit having a light emitting portion for outputting an optical signal corresponding to a data signal input as an electrical signal, and a first power supply controller for controlling a drive power supply of the light emitting portion, a light transmission path for transmitting the optical signal introduced from the light transmitting unit, a light receiving unit having a light receiving portion for receiving the optical signal output from the light transmission path and outputting an electrical signal corresponding to the optical signal, and a second power supply controller for controlling a drive power supply of the light receiving portion, and at least one electrical transmission path, connecting the light transmitting unit and the light receiving unit, for transmitting a control signal for controlling power supply to the light emitting portion and the light receiving portion to the first power supply controller and the second power supply controller.

Abstract: A connection member (21), which electrically connects a package (14) on which an optical element that converts an electric signal to an optical signal or converts an optical signal to an electric signal and at least one end portion including an incident/releasing port for an optical signal of an optical waveguide (11) that is optically coupled with the optical element to transmit the optical signal are mounted, and a second substrate (2) to each other, is provided with a holding unit having elasticity, which holds the package (14), and a connection unit that is connected to the substrate (2).

Abstract: A light transmission system includes a core for transmitting a clock signal as an optical signal, a core for transmitting a data signal or a control signal as the optical signal in a first direction, which is a direction same as a transmission direction of the clock signal, and a core for transmitting the data signal or the control signal as the optical signal in a second direction, which is an opposite direction to the transmission direction of the clock signal are arranged, thereby bi-directionally transmitting the data signal or the control signal.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a film waveguide includes molding a first clad layer formed with a concave groove for core filling, molding a second clad layer, and laminating the surface formed with the concave groove of the first clad layer and the second clad layer using resin. The resin has a flexural modulus of smaller than or equal to 1,000 MPa, contains hydrogen bonding group in a functional group of a precursor, and has a refraction index higher than the clad layers. A core is formed in the concave groove by the resin.

Abstract: A connection member electrically connects an optical element configured to convert an electric signal to an optical signal or to convert an optical signal to an electric signal, a first substrate including an incident/releasing port of an optical transmission path for an optical signal at least one end portion thereof, and a second substrate to each other. The optical transmission path is optically coupled with the optical element to transmit the optical the connection. The connection member includes a connection unit connected to the second substrate and a holding unit having elasticity and holding the first substrate. The holding unit is provided with an electrode at a connecting position to the first substrate, and the holding unit holds the first substrate by connecting the first substrate to the electrode.

Abstract: In a waveguide 10 including a substrate 1, a lower clad 2, an upper clad 3, and a core 4, the outline of a cross section perpendicular to the light propagating direction of the core 4 surrounded by the lower clad 2 has a shape curved with respect to the center of the cross section. The separation in the waveguide is thereby prevented, and the reliability of the optical property is enhanced.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a film waveguide includes supplying a precursor consisting of monomer or oligomer of an elastomer having a flexural modulus after curing smaller than or equal to 1,000 MPa to a substrate; pressing a stamper on the precursor of the elastomer, applying pressure to the precursor of the elastomer by the stamper and thinning a film thickness of the precursor of the elastomer; forming a lower clad layer by curing the precursor of the elastomer; forming a core on the lower clad layer; and forming an upper clad layer on the lower clad layer and the core. A film waveguide has at least one of a lower clad layer or an upper clad layer formed by an elastomer having a flexural modulus smaller than or equal to 1,000 MPa. A sum of film thicknesses of the clad layers is less than or equal to 300 mm.

Abstract: A mixture of urethane monomer and urethane oligomer containing the group shown in FIG. 4, and polymerization initiator, or a precursor of an elastomer having the bending elastic modulus after curing of smaller than or equal to 1,000 MPa is used as the clad material. The clad material is applied on the substrate and is pressed by the stamper from above to thinly spread the clad material. The clad material is then cured to form the lower clad layer, and thereafter, a core is formed on the lower clad layer. Subsequently, the clad material is applied on the lower clad layer and is pressed by the stamper from above to thinly spread the clad material, which clad material is then cured to form the upper clad layer. Finally, the substrates are removed to obtain a film waveguide that can be bent at a small curvature radius.

Abstract: In a waveguide 10 including a substrate 1, a lower clad 2, an upper clad 3, and a core 4, the outline of a cross section perpendicular to the light propagating direction of the core 4 surrounded by the lower clad 2 has a shape curved with respect to the center of the cross section. The separation in the waveguide is thereby prevented, and the reliability of the optical property is enhanced.

Abstract: An optical multiplexer/demultiplexer having a high isolation characteristic, a small polarization dependency and capable of being reduced in size is disclosed. An end portion of a core and an end portion of a core are arranged in opposed relation to each other with a thin-film filter interposed therebetween. The end portion of the core far from the filter and the end portion of the core far from the filter are arranged in substantially parallel to each other. The core is arranged in such a manner as to branch from the filter-side end portion of the core and to be optically coupled with the core. The end portion of the core near to the filter and the end portion of the core near to the filter are curved. The end portion of the core near to the filter is curved in a manner protruded toward the core. The end portion of each of the core and the core far from the filter reaches an end of an optical waveguide, and the end portion of the core far from the filter reaches a side of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: An optical multiplexer/demultiplexer having a high isolation characteristic, a small polarization dependency and capable of being reduced in size is disclosed. An end portion of a core and an end portion of a core are arranged in opposed relation to each other with a thin-film filter interposed therebetween. The end portion of the core far from the filter and the end portion of the core far from the filter are arranged in substantially parallel to each other. The core is arranged in such a manner as to branch from the filter-side end portion of the core and to be optically coupled with the core. The end portion of the core near to the filter and the end portion of the core near to the filter are curved. The end portion of the core near to the filter is curved in a manner protruded toward the core. The end portion of each of the core and the core far from the filter reaches an end of an optical waveguide, and the end portion of the core far from the filter reaches a side of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: Concrete structures including horizontal structures such as slabs, sub-beams and main beams and vertical structures such as internal walls, external walls and columns are broken by a static load applied to the concrete structure by a loading member of a static loading means, which causes bending stress to build up in the concrete structure and finally brings about breakage of the structure. The static load may be applied by hydraulic means, preferably mounted on a movable vehicle.