Abstract: A method of charging a secondary battery, the battery including a positive electrode in which a lithium ion is stored during discharging and released during charging, a negative electrode in which a lithium metal deposits during charging and dissolves during discharging, and a non-aqueous electrolyte having a lithium ion conductivity, wherein the method includes a step of charging the secondary battery according to a first charging profile. In the secondary battery, a surface of the negative electrode is covered with a protection layer. In the first charging profile, charging starts from a first charging step in which charging is performed at a constant current with a first electric current density I1, and following the first charging step, a second charging step is performed in which charging is performed at a constant current with a second electric current density I2 that is larger than the first electric current density I1.

Abstract: There is provided a method for creating machining data for a hybrid ultraprecision machining device for manufacturing a micro-machined product from a workpiece, the machining device comprising: an electromagnetic-wave-machining means for roughly machining the workpiece; a precision-machining means for precisely machining the roughly machined workpiece; and a shape-measurement means, wherein the creation of the machining data makes use of: information on original shape corresponding to shape of the workpiece; information on roughly-machining shape to be removed from the workpiece by the electromagnetic-wave-machining means; and stereoscopic model of after-electromagnetic-wave-machining shape which is obtained by subtracting the roughly-machining shape from the original shape, wherein the machining data is created for electromagnetic-wave machining on the basis of information on a plurality of sliced portions obtained by partially slice-cutting from the stereoscopic model of the after-electromagnetic-wave-machi

Abstract: There is provided a method for determining a machining means in a hybrid ultraprecision machining device for manufacturing a micro-machined product from a workpiece, the machining device comprising: an electromagnetic-wave-machining means for roughly machining the workpiece; a precision-machining means for precisely machining the roughly machined workpiece; and a shape-measurement means for measuring a shape of the workpiece upon use of the electromagnetic-wave machining means and the precision-machining means, wherein a choice is made between the electromagnetic-wave-machining means and the precision-machining means in the determination of the machining means, on the basis of: information on a stereoscopic model of the micro-machined product; information on a removal volume to be removed from a volume of the workpiece in the manufacturing of the micro-machined product; and data on a removal process time of the electromagnetic-wave-machining means and data on a removal process time of the precision-machining

Abstract: There is provided a method for creating machining data for a hybrid ultraprecision machining device for manufacturing a micro-machined product from a workpiece, the machining device comprising: an electromagnetic-wave-machining means for roughly machining the workpiece; a precision-machining means for precisely machining the roughly machined workpiece; and a shape-measurement means, wherein the creation of the machining data makes use of: information on original shape corresponding to shape of the workpiece; information on roughly-machining shape to be removed from the workpiece by the electromagnetic-wave-machining means; and stereoscopic model of after-electromagnetic-wave-machining shape which is obtained by subtracting the roughly-machining shape from the original shape, wherein the machining data is created for electromagnetic-wave machining on the basis of information on a plurality of sliced portions obtained by partially slice-cutting from the stereoscopic model of the after-electromagnetic-wave-machi

Abstract: A Fresnel lens comprises a first surface, and a second surface being the reverse side surface of the first surface and having a plurality of lens surfaces. Each lens surface is configured from a part of a side surface of an elliptical cone, which has an apex located on the second surface side and a bottom surface located on the first surface side. Here, in the Fresnel lens, any normal line intersecting with the lens surface configured from the part of the side surface of the elliptical cone among normal lines of respective points on the first surface is non-parallel to a central axis of the elliptical cone corresponding to the lens surface with which the any normal line intersects.

Abstract: There is provided a method for determining a machining means in a hybrid ultraprecision machining device for manufacturing a micro-machined product from a workpiece, the machining device comprising: an electromagnetic-wave-machining means for roughly machining the workpiece; a precision-machining means for precisely machining the roughly machined workpiece; and a shape-measurement means for measuring a shape of the workpiece upon use of the electromagnetic-wave machining means and the precision-machining means, wherein a choice is made between the electromagnetic-wave-machining means and the precision-machining means in the determination of the machining means, on the basis of: information on a stereoscopic model of the micro-machined product; information on a removal volume to be removed from a volume of the workpiece in the manufacturing of the micro-machined product; and data on a removal process time of the electromagnetic-wave-machining means and data on a removal process time of the precision-machining

Abstract: The LED lighting device in this invention comprises a light source, a first face sheet, and a reflection sheet. The light source comprises a plurality of LED chips which are configured to emit lights having wavelengths which are different from each other. The first face sheet has a rear surface. The rear surface is defined as a diffusing and reflecting surface which is being configured to diffuse and reflect the lights which are emitted from the LED chips. The first face sheet is provided with a plurality of apertures. The reflection sheet has a second reflecting surface. The second reflecting surface is configured to reflect the light which is reflected from the diffusing and reflecting surface of the first face sheet toward the first face sheet. Each the aperture is shaped to pass the light which is reflected from the second reflecting surface.

Abstract: The LED lighting device in this invention comprises a light source, a first face sheet, and a reflection sheet. The light source comprises a plurality of LED chips which are configured to emit lights having wavelengths which are different from each other. The first face sheet has a rear surface. The rear surface is defined as a diffusing and reflecting surface which is being configured to diffuse and reflect the lights which are emitted from the LED chips. The first face sheet is provided with a plurality of apertures. The reflection sheet has a second reflecting surface. The second reflecting surface is configured to reflect the light which is reflected from the diffusing and reflecting surface of the first face sheet toward the first face sheet. Each the aperture is shaped to pass the light which is reflected from the second reflecting surface.

Abstract: A long thin rectangular body of piezoelectric material is divided, in the longitudinal direction thereof, into a plurality of regions which include at least one driving region and at least one driven region. The driven region includes two electrodes which are formed such as to respectively cover opposite side surfaces of the driven region in a plane parallel to the longitudinal direction and to respectively extend inwardly in a transverse direction of the body by a predetermined amount over two major surfaces of the driven region. The driven region is polarized in a lateral direction of the body. As an alternative, the driven region is provided with two electrodes each of which consists of a pair of relatively narrow strip-like portions. The strip-like portions of one electrode extend over the two major surfaces adjacent to one edge of the driven region in the longitudinal direction of the body. The strip-like portions of the other electrode are similarly provided at the opposite side of the driven region.

Abstract: A long relatively thin rectangular body of piezoelectric material is divided into driving and driven regions in a longitudinal direction thereof. Two electrodes are applied respectively to two major surfaces of the driving region which is polarized in a thickness direction of the driving region. Another two electrodes are formed on one major surface of the driven region. Each of the two electrodes applied to the driven region has a plurality of finger-like portions which extend in the longitudinal direction. The finger-like portions of formed on the driven region are arranged in an interdigital manner. The driven region has a plurality of regions which are defined by adjacent finger-like portions and which are polarized in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: According to the color cathode ray tube of the present invention, a magnetic resistance section is provided between a shadow mask and a mask frame. The magnetic resistance section comprises at least one of magnetic resistance members and a gap which is provided between the shadow mask and the mask frame. The magnetic resistance section serves to reduce a landing error of electron beams on a phosphor screen.