Abstract: An actuator includes a piezoelectric layer, a vibration plate, and a reduction inhibition layer. The piezoelectric layer includes an oxide material. The vibration plate is disposed below the piezoelectric layer, and configured to deform when the piezoelectric layer deforms. The reduction inhibition layer is disposed between the piezoelectric layer and the vibration plate, and configured to inhibit reduction reaction in the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: An actuator includes a piezoelectric layer, a vibration plate, and a reduction inhibition layer. The piezoelectric layer includes an oxide material. The vibration plate is disposed below the piezoelectric layer, and configured to deform when the piezoelectric layer deforms. The reduction inhibition layer is disposed between the piezoelectric layer and the vibration plate, and configured to inhibit reduction reaction in the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: In the aim of providing a photoreceptor which is highly sensitive, highly abrasion-resistant, and reduced in cost, a production method for the photoreceptor, and an electrophotographic apparatus using the photoreceptor, the photoreceptor has a structure wherein an organic film (or an amorphous silicon film) used as a charge generation layer 2 and formed on an electroconductive support 1 and an inorganic metal oxide having optical transparency and used as a charge transport layer 3 are stacked. Further, a buffer layer 4 is formed between the charge generation layer 2 and the charge transport layer 3 when so required. Also, the metal oxide used as the charge transport layer 3 and having optical transparency is formed by employing an aerosol deposition method.

Abstract: There are provided a pressure chamber disposed on an ink jet head board and serving to discharge an ink with a pressure change, a piezoelectric vibrator disposed in the pressure chamber and serving to apply a pressure to the pressure chamber, a sealing cap for sealing a space including at least the piezoelectric vibrator, and plural kinds of drying agents disposed in a sealed space formed by the sealing cap and having moisture absorbing characteristics which are different from each other.

Abstract: Providing an exposure unit using an organic electroluminescence element with a large emitted light quantity. The organic electroluminescence element has, on a substrate 31, an anode 32 acting as a hole injection electrode, a cathode 33 acting as an electron injection electrode, a first and second emission layers 34 and 35 each having a light emission region, and a charge generation layer 38 injecting electrons into the light emission layer 34 lying close to the anode 32 and injecting holes into the light emission layer 35 lying close to the cathode 33, these layers being arranged between the anode 32 and the cathode 33.

Abstract: In order to resolve the problem, an image forming apparatus of the invention is constructed by a constitution including exposing means including an exposure head comprising an organic electroluminescence element including at least an anode for injecting a hole, a luminescent layer having a luminescent region and a cathode for injecting an electron on a board, a photosensitive member formed with an electrostatic latent image by exposing light of the exposing means, developing means for forming a toner image on the photosensitive member by supplying a toner to the electrostatic latent image and cooling means for cooling the organic electroluminescence element. The organic electroluminescence element is cooled by the cooling means in this way and therefore, the temperature of the organic electroluminescence element can be controlled.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an exposer including an organic electroluminescence element including at least an anode for injecting a hole, a luminescent layer having a luminescent region and a cathode for injecting an electron on a board. A photosensitive member is formed with an electrostatic latent image by exposing light of the exposer, a developer forms a toner image on the photosensitive member by supplying a toner to the electrostatic latent image, and a cooler cools the organic electroluminescence element such that the temperature of the organic electroluminescence element can be controlled.

Abstract: The invention has an object of providing an organic electroluminescence element with a large emitted light quantity, an exposure unit and an image-forming apparatus both using the element. The organic electroluminescence element in accordance with the invention has, on a substrate, an anode acting as a hole injection electrode, a cathode acting as an electron injection electrode, a plurality of light emission layers each having a light emission region and a charge generation layer injecting electrons into the light emission layer lying close to the anode and injecting holes into the light emission layer lying close to the cathode, these layers being arranged between the anode and the cathode, and is configured so that the work function of the charge generation layer is set higher than the ionization potential of the light emission layer lying close to the anode.

Abstract: In order to resolve the problem, an image forming apparatus of the invention is constructed by a constitution including exposing means including an exposure head comprising an organic electroluminescence element including at least an anode for injecting a hole, a luminescent layer having a luminescent region and a cathode for injecting an electron on a board, a photosensitive member formed with an electrostatic latent image by exposing light of the exposing means, developing means for forming a toner image on the photosensitive member by supplying a toner to the electrostatic latent image and cooling means for cooling the organic electroluminescence element. The organic electroluminescence element is cooled by the cooling means in this way and therefore, the temperature of the organic electroluminescence element can be controlled.

Abstract: Electrically functional electronic device including an organic electroluminescence device is protected with a dense protective film, e.g. a silicon oxynitride film, formed on at least one part of the outer surface of the device at a low temperature by ECR plasma sputtering can prevent permeation of moisture, oxygen etc. into the device from the outside.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence element comprising a substrate having provided thereon an anode for injecting holes, a cathode for injecting electrons, and at least one organic compound layer therebetween, wherein the organic compound layer contains at least one compound represented by formula (I), and at least one compound represented by formula (II), (III) or (IV) (definitions of formulas (I) to (IV) are described in the specification).

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device comprising a plurality of first electrodes of transparent conductive film patterns formed on a transparent substrate; an organic thin film formed on the first electrodes; and a second electrode formed on the organic thin film, wherein a recess, which is an interval region between the first electrodes, is embedded with a photo resist. Therefore, even if the thickness of the first electrodes is increased, the occurrence of defective coverage at the edge portion of first electrodes can be prevented.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence element including a first electrode of a transparent material provided on a substrate of a transparent material. An insulating bulkhead from which a portion of the first electrode is exposed is formed into a thickness so that the insulating bulkhead can be protruded excess to a level of an upper end of the first electrode. An organic thin film is formed on the first electrode and the bulkhead. A second electrode is formed on the organic thin film, wherein the insulating bulkhead comprises an overhang portion and the insulating bulkhead is made of a chromium oxide layer.

Abstract: An organic thin-film electroluminescent (organic EL) element having an improved luminescent efficiency and improved stability is described, which comprises a substrate and, formed thereover, an anode for injecting holes, a cathode for injecting electrons, and at least one organic-compound layer interposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic-compound layer comprises, for example, any of the following organic compounds.

Abstract: An organic thin-film electroluminescent display device comprising a substrate, hole injection electrodes, an organic thin film layer, electron injection electrodes, an electrode-driving IC for driving the electron injection electrodes and the electron injection electrodes and lead wires for connecting the hole injection electrodes and the electron injection electrodes to the electrode-driving IC. The lead wires each include a lead underlayer made of the same material of the hole injection electrode and a lead electroconductive layer formed on the lead underlayer and having a higher electroconductivity than that of the lead underlayer and or the electron injection electrodes each may include an underlayer for the electron injection electrode and an electroconductive layer for the electron injection electrode formed on the underlayer for the electron injection electrode and having a higher electroconductivity than that of the underlayer for the electron.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an organic thin film EL device that has an improved close adherence of a hole injection electrode to an organic thin film layer and a long life, maintaining uniform luminance and minimized performance deterioration over the lapse of time. The organic thin film EL device, which includes an electron injection electrode and a hole injection electrode with an organic thin film layer placed therebetween, has a part or the whole of the hole injection electrode formed of a carbon film. In addition, the carbon film is formed by a sputtering method.

Abstract: A thin film type magnetic head comprising a magnetic core made of a metallic magnetic material and interposed between two non-magnetic bases is disclosed. An auxiliary film, made of a magnetic material, is disposed on a surface including the magnetic core and not the surface which comes into contact with a recording medium. This arrangement can reduce the size of the magnetic head while preventing the lowering of the reproduction output.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an organic thin film EL device that has an improved close adherence of a hole injection electrode to an organic thin film layer and a long life, maintaining uniform luminance and minimized performance deterioration over the lapse of time. The organic thin film EL device, which includes an electron injection electrode and an hole injection electrode with an organic thin film layer placed therebetween, has a part or the whole of the hole injection electrode formed of a carbon film. In addition, the carbon film is formed by a sputtering method.