Abstract: In a stereoscopic endoscope apparatus, images obtained by left-eye and right-eye imaging systems are shaded differently due to subtle difference in an illumination direction, making fusion difficult. An endoscopic system includes: a stereoscopic endoscope which includes a light source of illumination light configured to illuminate inner part of a test object, an illumination window configured to emit the illumination light, and two or more imaging systems configured to image the inner part of the test object illuminated by the illumination light; and an illuminance distribution changing unit configured to change an illuminance distribution of the illumination light so as to reduce a difference in luminance distribution between/among pictures sensed by the respective imaging systems.

Abstract: The stereo endoscope apparatus includes: a treatment instrument that is operable; multiple imaging units for imaging a subject, the multiple imaging units acquiring, in response to an operation of the treatment instrument, an image in which the treatment instrument does not appear and an image in which the treatment instrument appears; a detecting section for detecting the area of the image where the treatment instrument appears; an area determining section for determining a replacement area in which an image is to be replaced, the replacement area being at least a part of the area in which the treatment instrument appears; and an image processing section for replacing the replacement area by the image in which the treatment instrument does not appear.

Abstract: An endoscope has an illuminating-light exit portion that allows illuminating light for illuminating an object to exit, and an observing portion that captures an image of the object. The endoscope includes a changing unit configured to change a light quantity distribution of the illuminating light. The changing unit changes the light quantity distribution of the illuminating light based on information of the image captured by the observing portion.

Abstract: A spacer positioned between a faceplate and a rear plate so as to extend across a first region on which an anode is provided and into a second region on which the anode is not provided is included. The spacer includes a plurality of conductive members extending across a first section of a side surface of the spacer that underlies the first region and into a second section of the side surface of the spacer that underlies the second region, distances from the faceplate to the conductive members differing from each other. The plurality of conductive members have an end portion in the second section. The position of the end portion of a conductive member farther from the faceplate is farther from the end portion of the anode.

Abstract: A display apparatus comprises: a rear plate which has an electron-emitting device; a face plate which has an anode electrode and a potential defining electrode; and a plate spacer which is opposite to the anode electrode and the potential defining electrode, between the rear plate and the face plate. An insulative base member of the spacer has a recessed portion which opposes to the anode electrode, the potential defining electrode, and a portion of the face plate between the anode electrode and the potential defining electrode. Thus, electric discharges between the spacer and the anode electrode and between the spacer and the potential defining electrode can be suppressed.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a display panel having a plurality of electron emission portions that emit electrons, a plurality of light emitting regions positioned corresponding to the plurality of electron emission portions to emit light in response to irradiation of electrons from the electron emission portion thereon, and a shielding member provided between a substrate having the electron emission portions provided thereon and an opposing substrate having the light emitting regions thereon, and a correction circuit that corrects a pixel signal for modulating the electron emission portions. The shielding member shields electrons reflected from peripheral light emitting regions adjacent to a predetermined one of the light emitting regions to the predetermined light emitting region, and irradiates electrons from the shielding member to the predetermined light emitting region.

Abstract: A display apparatus comprises: a rear plate which has an electron-emitting device; a face plate which has an anode electrode and a potential defining electrode; and a plate spacer which is opposite to the anode electrode and the potential defining electrode, between the rear plate and the face plate. An insulative base member of the spacer has a recessed portion which opposes to the anode electrode, the potential defining electrode, and a portion of the face plate between the anode electrode and the potential defining electrode. Thus, electric discharges between the spacer and the anode electrode and between the spacer and the potential defining electrode can be suppressed.

Abstract: An image display apparatus according to the present invention comprises a rear plate having electron emitting devices, a face plate having an anode electrode arranged in opposition to the electron emitting devices, and a plate-shaped spacer arranged between the rear plate and the face plate, wherein the spacer has a recess at its side of the face plate, the anode electrode has an edge located in opposition to the recess, the recess has the shape of a circular arc having a radius r, and when it is assumed that the recess has a maximum depth of d, a relation of r/d?1 is satisfied.

Abstract: A spacer 4 has a protrusion 21 on the side where the spacer 4 contacts a rear plate 2 or face plate 1, and a buffer 20 is disposed between the spacer 4 and the plate on the side where the protrusion 21 is provided. The buffer 20 to be used has an appropriate elastic modulus.

Abstract: A method of high precisely manufacturing, for an electron beam displaying apparatus, a support member which is equipped with an electrode on the surface thereof is provided. In this method, an electrode region is formed on the surface of a base material, the surface of the base material is ground by using a grinding stone having a convex portion, and at the same time a fringe portion of the electrode region is ground to form an electrode.

Abstract: An image display apparatus has an electron source on which a plurality of electron-emitting devices are arranged, an irradiated member which is arranged so as to be opposed to the electron source to form luminescent spots on different locations, respectively, in response to respective electron-emitting devices due to irradiation of electrons emitted from the electron-emitting devices, a deflector for deflecting trajectory of the electron emitted from the electron-emitting devices, and a correction circuit for correcting the light quantity of the luminescent spot. The correction circuit corrects a visual unevenness in luminance by making a correction in response to the interval between two luminescent spots and the interval between other luminescent spots adjacent to the two luminescent spots so as to improve a quality of an image.

Abstract: An image display apparatus comprising: a plurality of pixels each having an electron emitting element and a light emitting area to be irradiated by electrons from the element; and a driving circuit for outputting a driving signal that drives the element, wherein the plurality of the light emitting areas include a plurality of light emitting areas that respectively emit light emitting colors differing from each other, wherein the circuit includes a correction circuit for correcting an input signal, and wherein the correction circuit executes a correction to the input signal for a predetermined electron emitting element based on a value obtained by adjusting a value corresponding to a quantity of electrons emitted from an electron emitting element proximate to the predetermined electron emitting element by a value corresponding to the light emitting color of the light emitting area of the pixel to which the proximate electron emitting element belongs.

Abstract: A method of high precisely manufacturing, for an electron beam displaying apparatus, a support member which is equipped with an electrode on the surface thereof is provided. In this method, an electrode region is formed on the surface of a base material, the surface of the base material is ground by using a grinding stone having a convex portion, and at the same time a fringe portion of the electrode region is ground to form an electrode.

Abstract: An image display apparatus comprising: a plurality of pixels each having an electron emitting element and a light emitting area to be irradiated by electrons from the element; and a driving circuit for outputting a driving signal that drives the element, wherein the plurality of the light emitting areas include a plurality of light emitting areas that respectively emit light emitting colors differing from each other, wherein the circuit includes a correction circuit for correcting an input signal, and wherein the correction circuit executes a correction to the input signal for a predetermined electron emitting element based on a value obtained by adjusting a value corresponding to a quantity of electrons emitted from an electron emitting element proximate to the predetermined electron emitting element by a value corresponding to the light emitting color of the light emitting area of the pixel to which the proximate electron emitting element belongs.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a display panel having a plurality of electron emission portions that emit electrons, a plurality of light emitting regions positioned corresponding to the plurality of electron emission portions to emit light in response to irradiation of electrons from the electron emission portion thereon, and a shielding member provided between a substrate having the electron emission portions provided thereon and an opposing substrate having the light emitting regions thereon, and a correction circuit that corrects a pixel signal for modulating the electron emission portions. The shielding member shields electrons reflected from peripheral light emitting regions adjacent to a predetermined one of the light emitting regions to the predetermined light emitting region, and irradiates electrons from the shielding member to the predetermined light emitting region.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a display panel having a plurality of electron emission portions that emit electrons, a plurality of light emitting regions positioned corresponding to the plurality of electron emission portions to emit light in response to irradiation of electrons from the electron emission portion thereon, and a shielding member provided between a substrate having the electron emission portions provided thereon and an opposing substrate having the light emitting regions thereon, and a correction circuit that corrects a pixel signal for modulating the electron emission portions. The shielding member shields electrons reflected from peripheral light emitting regions adjacent to a predetermined one of the light emitting regions to the predetermined light emitting region, and irradiates electrons from the shielding member to the predetermined light emitting region.

Abstract: This is to provide an image display device using a spacer 103 which can reduce an influence which charge has on an electron orbit greatly without depending on electroconductivity of the spacer 103 itself, and a characteristic of a material by making effectual charge amount zero by controlling positive and negative charge distributions generated on a surface of the spacer 103. This is an image display device using a spacer 103 on a main surface of which concavo-convex structure 106 is formed, the spacer 103 having the concavo-convex structure 106 which can cancel mutually positive charge in a convex portion of the concavo-convex structure 106, and negative charge in a concave portion.

Abstract: A mobile communication system that is possible to find a base station connectable with a mobile terminal efficiently is provided. A server apparatus, the base station and the mobile terminal used in the mobile communication system are also provided. The mobile communication system includes a mobile terminal, a plurality of base stations, a management section and an answering BS instruction section. The management section manages each connectable number of the mobile terminals with which each base station being able to establish a communication connection and selects the base station to send a connection answer to the mobile terminal based on the connectable numbers. The answering BS instruction section instructs the management section to start to select the base station to send the connection answer, and instructs the base station selected by the management section to send the connection answer to the mobile terminal.

Abstract: In order to prevent a spacer from being charged by using a plate shaped spacer covered with a high resistance film, the present invention is aimed at preventing irregular displacements of electron beams emitted from adjacent electron-emitting devices and suppressing displacements of impinging positions of the electron beams emitted from the adjacent electron-emitting devices even with a slight displacement of an installation position of the spacer. The spacer is disposed along a row directional wiring. The high resistance film is allowed to come into contact with a metal back and the row directional wiring to achieve electrical connection therebetween. Contact portions between the high resistance film of the spacer and the row directional wiring are provided at predetermined intervals.

Abstract: There is provided an image display apparatus comprising: a rear plate having a plurality of electron-emitting devices; a face plate having a plurality of fluorescence substances with different light emitting colors; and a plate-like spacer for defining an interval between the rear plate and the face plate, wherein the spacer has an aperture that allows a reflection electron generated on the face plate to pass through the plate-like spacer in a thickness direction and to reenter the face plate, and wherein the amount Et of the reflection electron that is irradiated to the fluorescence substance closest to the spacer through the aperture is defined as Et>0.3×En, where the amount of the reflection electron to be irradiated to the fluorescence substance is En when no spacer is located.