Abstract: A position detection method of detecting a position of a pointing element with respect to an operation surface includes: obtaining a first taken image by imaging the pointing element with the operation surface as a background using a monocular camera while performing illumination with a first illumination section without performing the illumination with a second illumination section at a position different from a position of the first illumination section; obtaining a second taken image by imaging the pointing element with the operation surface as the background using the camera while performing the illumination with the second illumination section without performing the illumination with the first illumination section; extracting pointing element and shadow areas from the first taken image and the second taken image; detecting a position of the pointing element with respect to the operation surface using a relationship between the pointing element area and the shadow area.

Abstract: A method for forming a three-dimensional object by a fused deposition modeling method. The method uses a plurality of material resin supply units, each configured to supply a coloring material resin of a different color, and the coloring material resins are resins to be used as a modeling material. A mixed resin ejection unit is configured to eject a mixed resin obtained by mixing the coloring material resins supplied from the plurality of material resin supply units. The plurality of material resin supply units being configured to supply the coloring material resins of different colors to the mixed resin ejection unit. The method includes controlling the amounts of the coloring material resins to be supplied from each of the plurality of material resin supply units to the mixed resin ejection unit, thereby adjusting a color of the mixed resin that is to be ejected by the mixed resin ejection unit.

Abstract: A display method includes (a) capturing an image including a hand, (b) determining a first distance as a distance between the hand and an operation surface, (c) recognizing a shape of the hand based on the image, and (d) displaying an operation icon selected in accordance with the shape of the hand out of a plurality of operation icons on the operation surface in a case of a separate state in which the first distance exceeds a first distance threshold value determined in advance.

Abstract: A three-dimensional object manufacturing method includes steps of: generating, based on three-dimensional data of a three-dimensional object, two-dimensional data for a two-dimensional printed matter in which at least a part of an image appearing on a surface of the three-dimensional object is printed on a medium, and three-dimensional data of a three-dimensional shaped object that includes an attachment groove to which inside the two-dimensional printed matter is attached and forms the three-dimensional object when the two-dimensional printed matter is attached inside the attachment groove (S102); generating the two-dimensional printed matter by a two-dimensional printer based on the two-dimensional data generated in S102 (S103); generating the three-dimensional shaped object by a three-dimensional printer based on three-dimensional data generated in S102 (S104); and generating the three-dimensional object by attaching the two-dimensional printed matter generated in S103 to the inside of the attachment groov

Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes an arithmetic processing unit that executes a data aggregation step of aggregating N types (N?3) of sampling time series data to acquire M types (M?2 and N>M) of classification time series data, a classification step of classifying the M types of classification time series data into a plurality of clusters, and an appearance data generation step of generating time series appearance data for each cluster.

Abstract: The position detection method includes the steps of (a) obtaining a first taken image by imaging a pointing element with an operation surface as a background using a first camera while performing illumination with a first illumination section disposed so that a shadow of the pointing element on the operation surface is not substantially imaged by the first camera, (b) obtaining a second taken image by imaging the pointing element with the operation surface as a background using a second camera disposed at a different position from a position of the first camera while performing illumination with a second illumination section disposed so that the shadow of the pointing element on the operation surface is not substantially imaged by the second camera, and (c) detecting a position of the pointing element with respect to the operation surface using the first taken image and the second taken image.

Abstract: A position detection method of detecting a position of a pointing element with respect to an operation surface includes: obtaining a first taken image by imaging the pointing element with the operation surface as a background using a monocular camera while performing illumination with a first illumination section without performing the illumination with a second illumination section at a position different from a position of the first illumination section; obtaining a second taken image by imaging the pointing element with the operation surface as the background using the camera while performing the illumination with the second illumination section without performing the illumination with the first illumination section; extracting pointing element and shadow areas from the first taken image and the second taken image; detecting a position of the pointing element with respect to the operation surface using a relationship between the pointing element area and the shadow area.

Abstract: A display method includes (a) capturing an image including a hand, (b) determining a first distance as a distance between the hand and an operation surface, (c) recognizing a shape of the hand based on the image, and (d) displaying an operation icon selected in accordance with the shape of the hand out of a plurality of operation icons on the operation surface in a case of a separate state in which the first distance exceeds a first distance threshold value determined in advance.

Abstract: A position detecting method includes (a) imaging, using a first camera and a second camera, a pointer over an operation surface as a background to capture a first captured image and a second captured image, (b) creating a first calibration image and a second calibration image by performing stereo calibration on the first captured image and the second captured image, (c) extracting a first region of interest image and a second region of interest image from the first calibration image and the second calibration image, (d) creating a correlation image from the first region of interest image and the second region of interest image, and (e) determining a distance-related parameter related to a distance between the operation surface and the pointer using a convolutional neural network including an input layer to which the correlation image is input and an output layer that outputs the distance-related parameter.

Abstract: A position detecting method includes (a) acquiring a first captured image and a second captured image using a first camera and a second camera, (b) acquiring a first image for processing and a second image for processing from the first captured image and the second captured image, (c) extracting a first region of interest image and a second region of interest image from the first image for processing and the second image for processing, and (d) determining a distance-related parameter related to a distance between an operation surface and a pointer using a convolutional neural network including an input layer to which the first region of interest image and the second region of interest image are input and an output layer that outputs the distance-related parameter.

Abstract: A three-dimensional structure forming method is provided for forming a three-dimensional structure including an object and a colored region in which a surface of the object is colored, by using a three-dimensional structure forming device equipped with a recording unit and a maintenance unit for laminating layers formed by depositing ink, and the three-dimensional structure forming method includes a recording step of causing the recording unit to perform scans, and discharging the ink from the recording unit during the scans to form the layers; and a preliminary discharging step of preliminarily discharging the ink from the recording unit while being between a position to be performed maintenance by the maintenance unit and a position to start to form the layers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition including a polymerizable liquid crystal compound capable of expressing birefringence with reverse wavelength distribution and a surfactant containing a fluorine atom, a 1-octanol/water partition coefficient of the surfactant being less than 5.0.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition including: a polymerizable liquid crystal compound capable of expressing birefringence with inverse wavelength dispersion; and a (meth)acrylate compound containing two or more (meth)acryloyl groups per one molecule, wherein: an amount of the (meth)acrylate compound is 8 parts by weight or less, the amount being relative to 100 parts by weight of a sum total of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound and the (meth)acrylate compound.

Abstract: An apparatus for modeling a three-dimensional object is provided, and includes multiple heads for colored inks, a curing unit, a flattening roller unit, and a control unit. When coloring a surface of the three-dimensional object, the control unit enables the multiple heads for colored inks to discharge ink droplets, based on an image, to an outer periphery area of the three-dimensional object, which is an area of which a color can be visibly recognized from an outside of the three-dimensional object. When not coloring the surface of the three-dimensional object on the basis of the image, the control unit enables at least one of the heads for colored inks to discharge the ink droplets to an inner area positioned at an inner side of the outer periphery area. An ink layer of the inner area formed by the colored inks is flattened by the flattening roller unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a draw-up member that draws a liquid developer containing oil and toner up from a storage part in which the liquid developer is stored while rotating; a cylindrical member that is disposed so as to face the draw-up member, receives the liquid developer from the draw-up member while rotating, and has a circumferential surface on which a film of the liquid developer is formed, the cylindrical member having an elastic part having a circular cross section and a coating film that covers the elastic part and is made of a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether; and a formation member having a circumferential surface on which an image is formed by the liquid developer received by the cylindrical member.

Abstract: A biological clock time calculating apparatus includes: a measuring portion which measures bio-information that changes on a daily basis; and an arithmetic processing portion which calculates biological clock time based on a measurement result of the measuring portion. A biological clock time calculating method may be configured to include: measuring bio-information which changes on a daily basis; and calculating biological clock time based on the measurement result.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition including a liquid crystal compound capable of expressing a birefringence with reverse wavelength distribution, a (meth)acrylic acid ester compound other than the liquid crystal compound, and a surfactant containing a fluorine atom, wherein a ratio Mw/Np of a molecular weight Mw of the (meth)acrylic acid ester compound relative to a number of ? electrons Np of the (meth)acrylic acid ester compound is 17 or more and 70 or less, and an amount of the surfactant relative to 100 parts by weight of a total of the liquid crystal compound and the (meth)acrylic acid ester compound is 0.11 part by weight or more and 0.29 part by weight or less.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition including: a polymerizable liquid crystal compound capable of expressing birefringence with inverse wavelength dispersion; a surfactant containing a fluorine atom; and a solvent, wherein the surfactant contains a fluorine atom at a ratio of 30% by weight or less in a molecule of the surfactant.

Abstract: A method for producing a liquid crystal cured film including a liquid crystal cured layer formed of a cured product of a liquid crystal composition including a liquid crystal compound capable of expressing a birefringence with reverse wavelength distribution and a polymerization initiator, the method including: a step of forming a layer of the liquid crystal composition; a step of giving orientation to the liquid crystal compound contained in the layer of the liquid crystal composition; and a step of curing the layer of the liquid crystal composition, wherein a residue content viscosity of a test composition is 800 cP or less under a condition of a temperature that is the same as a temperature of the layer in the step of giving orientation to the liquid crystal compound, the test composition being the liquid crystal composition from which the polymerization initiator is omitted.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a draw-up member that draws a liquid developer containing oil and toner up from a storage part in which the liquid developer is stored while rotating; a cylindrical member that is disposed so as to face the draw-up member, receives the liquid developer from the draw-up member while rotating, and has a circumferential surface on which a film of the liquid developer is formed, the cylindrical member having an elastic part having a circular cross section and a coating film that covers the elastic part and is made of a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether; and a formation member having a circumferential surface on which an image is formed by the liquid developer received by the cylindrical member.