Abstract: There is disclosed a mask which includes a first phase shifter layer and a second phase shifter layer formed on the first phase shifter layer and has a structure capable of easily effecting highly precise control of the phase of exposure light and correction for a defect in the phase shifter layers. There are also disclosed a method of manufacturing the mask and a method of forming by use of the mask a pattern which has a smaller local error in pattern dimension and is free of a defect.

Abstract: A charge transporting polymer represented by formula (I-1) or (I-2) and an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing the same: ##STR1## wherein Y and Z each represents a divalent hydrocarbon group; A represents a group represented by formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group or a halogen atom; X represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic group; n represents an integer of 1 to 5; and k represents 0 or 1; B and B' each represents --O--(Y--O).sub.m --H or --O--(Y--O).sub.m --CO--Z--CO--OR' (wherein R' represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group; Y and Z are as defined above; and m represents an integer of 1 to 5); m represents an integer of 1 to 5; and p represents an integer of 5 to 5000.

Abstract: An organic electronic device which comprises a layer including at least one charge transporting copolyester containing at least two repeating structural units selected from the group consisting of the structures represented by formulae (I-a) and (I-b) as partial structures: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; X represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic group; n is an integer of from 1 to 5; and k is an integer of 0 or 1.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive substrate having thereon an undercoat layer and a photoconductive layer, the undercoat layer comprising a specific polymer compound which is prepared by using at least one of monomers represented by formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and A represents a group represented by formula (2), (3), (4), (5) or (6): ##STR2## where the symbols in the above formulae are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A charge transporting polymer represented by formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an acyl group or --CONH--R, wherein R' represents an alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; X represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic group; y represents 0 or 1; m represents 0 or 1; n represents an integer of 1 to 5; and p represents an integer of 5 to 5000,a process for producing the same, and an organic electron device containing the same, such as an electrophotographic photoreceptor are disclosed. The charge transporting polymer is excellent in solubility, film-forming properties, mechanical strength, positive hole mobility, and stability to repeated use.

Abstract: A photomask used for printing a mask pattern by projection optics, in which a main pattern formed of a transparent area is provided in a semitransparent area formed of a semitransparent film and a phase shifter, and the phase angles of light beams passing through respective areas are different from each other substantially by 180.degree.. The photomask is intended to prevent a reduction in a production yield due to a resolution failure of the photomask, and to prevent generation of an unnecessary projected image. In this photomask, a transparent auxiliary pattern having the same phase angle of light as that of the transparent area is disposed around a main pattern formed of the transparent area, and a distance D between the center or a desired center line of the main pattern and that of the auxiliary pattern satisfies the relationship of D=b.lambda./NAm , where NAm is a mask-side numerical aperture of a projection lens, .lambda.

Abstract: A photosensitive body for electrophotography having improved properties in the charging characteristics, photosensitivity, and stability in repeated use. The photosensitive body for electrophotography comprises a photoconductive layer formed on a conductive support through an undercoat layer, the undercoat layer containing at least one polyester compound having repeated units represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A and B each independently represents a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon or aromatic hydrocarbon which is optionally substituted, at least one of A and B being selected from the group consisting of specific divalent groups, and n is 10-10,000.

Abstract: To prevent positional shifts of the image forming plane during the exposure process using the two-layer phase shift mask, the height position of the semiconductor wafer 14 is moved in the optical axis direction according to the mask substrate thickness of the second component mask 12b, prior to performing the exposure process which uses the stacked-layer mask 12 that comprises a first component mask 12a formed with a pattern of light-shielding areas and light-transmitting areas and a second component mask 12b formed with a phase shift pattern to produce a phase shift in the transmitted light.

Abstract: The noise removing device is used in a data communication system utilizing a transmitting signal modulated by a data signal to be transmitted. The noise removing device includes a receiving section for receiving the transmitting signal, and converting it into an electric signal, so as to supply an input signal, an analog signal processing circuit for selectively passing the input signal in a first frequency range including a carrier frequency of the transmitting signal, thereby removing a first noise, for converting the passed signal into a digital signal, and for outputting the digital signal, and a digital signal processing circuit for sampling the digital signal, and for selectively passing the digital signal in a second frequency range including the carrier frequency based on a result of comparison of a pattern obtained by the sampling with a predetermined pattern, thereby removing a second noise.

Abstract: There is disclosed a mask which includes a first phase shifter layer and a second phase shifter layer formed on the first phase shifter layer and has a structure capable of easily effecting highly precise control of the phase of exposure light and correction for a defect in the phase shifter layers. There are also disclosed a method of manufacturing the mask and a method of forming by use of the mask a pattern which has a smaller local error in pattern dimension and is free of a defect.

Abstract: An organic electronic device comprises a layer containing a charge-transporting polyester comprising a repeating unit comprising at least one of partial structural units represented by the following formulae (I-a) and (I-b) as a partial structure of repeating unit: ##STR1## where the symbols in the above formulae are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A system for electronically storing and retrieving information. Information is scanned into the system and a user manually designates that the information is to be sorted using boxes which are like folders, sorted by date, or sorted by a card such as by cards which are arranged alphabetically. When the user manually indicates that the information is to be sorted by box, there is also an automatic sort by date and by card. In this case the card which is used is a temporary sort card which is automatically designated. When the user manually indicates that the sort is other than by box, the information is automatically sorted into a temporary box. After the information is stored and sorted, the information can be retrieved and printed, as desired. The system utilizes a scanner, processor, storage device and printer.

Abstract: A charge transporting polymer represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an acyl group or --CONH--R' wherein R' represents an alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted amino group, a halogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; X represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic group; y represents 0 or 1; m represents 0 or 1; n represents an integer of 1 to 5; and p represents an integer of 5 to 5000,a process for producing the same, and an organic electron device containing the same, such as an electrophotographic photoreceptor are disclosed. The charge transporting polymer is excellent in solubility, film-forming properties, mechanical strength, positive hole mobility, and stability to repeated use.

Abstract: A charge-transporting polymer which is excellent in solubility and film-forming property and usable in producing various organic electron devices and whose ionization potential is controllable, and an organic electronic device, in particular electrophotographic photoreceptor, containing the same are disclosed; the charge-transporting polymer being represented by formula (I-1) or (I-2) ##STR1## wherein Y represents a divalent hydrocarbon group; Z represents a divalent hydrocarbon group; A represents a group represented by formula (II) ##STR2## (wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted amino group, or a halogen atom, X represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aryl group, n represents an integer of 1 to 5, and k is 0 or 1); B represents a group represented by --O--(Y--O).sub.m --H or --O--(Y--O).sub.

Abstract: When an apparatus C which shares the media with apparatuses A and B desires to transmit an RTS packet, apparatus C inhibits transmission of the RTS packet for a fixed waiting time Tm plus a transmission inhibition period which varies depending on a type of a packet in a sensed carrier. In other words, when apparatus C senses an RTS packet of apparatus A, apparatus C inhibits transmission for a packet transmission inhibition period 101 resulting from reception of RTS. When apparatus C senses a CTS packet of apparatus B, apparatus C inhibits transmission for a packet transmission inhibition period 102 resulting from reception of CTS. When apparatus C senses a data packet, apparatus C inhibits transmission for a packet transmission inhibition period 103 resulting from reception of a data packet. When apparatus C senses an ACK packet of apparatus B, apparatus C inhibits transmission for a packet transmission inhibition period 104 resulting from reception of an ACK.

Abstract: A triarylamine compound useful as a charge transport material of an electrophotographic photoreceptor, which represented by formula (I) ##STR1## wherein Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 each represents a phenyl group or a condensed ring group.

Abstract: A communication apparatus includes a memory. The memory stores the protocol of an ASK system and the protocol of an IrDA system. These protocols require predetermined time periods of T1 and T2 prior to establishing a connection with a station of the other party. The memory further stores time periods of Ra, Rb, Sa, and Sb, where the relationship of (Ra+Rb).noteq.(Sa+Sb), Sa>T1, Sb>T2, Rb>T2 is established. The communication apparatus further includes a transmission circuit and a reception circuit for the ASK system, a transmission circuit and a reception circuit for the IrDA system, a timer, and a control circuit. The control circuit controls the transmission circuit, the reception circuit, and the timer while referring to the stored contents of the memory.

Abstract: A method for producing a Cu--Ag alloy based conductive material containing about 10% to about 20% at % Ag, that involves the steps of continuously casting the alloy into a rod followed by quickly cooling the rod, cold-working the rod to a reduction in area of 80% or more, then heat treating the cold-worked rod at a temperature of 250.degree. C. to 350.degree. C. for 1 hour or more to form a heat-treated rod, and thereafter cold-working the heat-treated rod to a reduction in area of 90% or more as defined based on the cast rod to produce conductive material having a high strength of 700 MPa or more and conductivity of 75% IACA or more.

Abstract: Disclosed are phase-shifting masks wherein restriction of light transmission at edges of phase-shifting patterns (e.g., at an edge where a 180.degree. phase-shifting pattern ends on a light transmission region) is avoided, and methods of making such masks. The region of the transparent pattern of the mask, under the edge of the phase-shifting pattern, is made wider than that of the transparent pattern in other regions; moreover, an additional phase-shifting layer is provided at the edge of the phase-shifting pattern, the additional phase-shifting layer having a phase-shift preferably of less than 90.degree., to avoid a 180.degree. phase shift at the edge. Also disclosed is a phase-shifting mask having repaired defects, and a method for repairing defects in phase-shifting masks, using an additional phase-shifting layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a light-sensitive layer containing a bisazo or trisazo compound represented by formula (I-1), (II-1), (III,1), (IV-1), (V-1) or (VI-1): ##STR1##