Abstract: An optical transmission system including an optical transmission device and an optical reception device that receives, via an optical transmission line, a signal transmitted from the optical transmission device, the optical transmission system including a transmission-mode selection unit that selects transmission mode information in descending order of priority out of transmission mode information, which is combinations of a plurality of parameters concerning transmission performance, the transmission mode information being a plurality of kinds of the transmission mode information common to the transmission performance of the optical transmission device and the optical reception device, a signal transmission unit that transmits, to the optical reception device, a signal modulated based on the selected transmission mode information, and a signal reception unit that receives the signal and modulates the received signal based on the transmission mode information selected by the transmission-mode selection unit.

Abstract: To provide a novel fumaric acid diester-cinnamic acid ester-based copolymer having a high molecular weight, which is expected to maintain excellent strength or ensures excellent toughness even when formed into a film, a method for efficiently producing the copolymer, and a film using the same. The fumaric acid diester-cinnamic acid ester-based copolymer contains a fumaric acid diester residue unit, a cinnamic acid ester residue unit having an alkyl group with a carbon number of 1 to 6, and a residue unit of a polyfunctional monomer having two or more radical polymerizable functional groups.

Abstract: To provide a novel fumaric acid diester-cinnamic acid ester-based copolymer having a high molecular weight, which is expected to maintain excellent strength or ensures excellent toughness even when formed into a film, a method for efficiently producing the copolymer, and a film using the same. The fumaric acid diester-cinnamic acid ester-based copolymer contains a fumaric acid diester residue unit, a cinnamic acid ester residue unit having an alkyl group with a carbon number of 1 to 6, and a residue unit of a polyfunctional monomer having two or more radical polymerizable functional groups.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a pair of front wheels; a pair of rear wheels; a cabin frame portion; a first support frame portion extending forward from the cabin frame portion; a second support frame portion extending rearward from the cabin frame portion; a first suspension system supported by the first support frame portion and suspending the front wheels; and a second suspension system supported by the second support frame portion and suspending the rear wheels. Each of the first suspension system and the second suspension system includes a damping unit. Each damping unit includes a pair of dampers generating damping forces via oil viscosity resistance; an adjuster that adjusts the damping forces generated by the dampers; and a pair of oil paths which connect the dampers with the adjuster.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a pair of front wheels; a pair of rear wheels; a cabin frame portion; a first support frame portion extending forward from the cabin frame portion; a second support frame portion extending rearward from the cabin frame portion; a first suspension system supported by the first support frame portion and suspending the front wheels; and a second suspension system supported by the second support frame portion and suspending the rear wheels. Each of the first suspension system and the second suspension system includes a damping unit. Each damping unit includes a pair of dampers generating damping forces via oil viscosity resistance; an adjuster that adjusts the damping forces generated by the dampers; and a pair of oil paths which connect the dampers with the adjuster.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a body including an operation deck and an upper surface which is higher than a bottom surface of the operation deck. An operation control is provided at a front area of the operation deck to project higher than the upper surface of the body. A protective frame is provided on the body to project higher than the upper surface of the body above the operation deck. The upper surface of the body includes a front portion, a side portion, and a rear portion, and is flat along the side portion and at least one of the front and rear portions. The operation control is arranged to be folded for stowing in the operation deck. The protective frame is arranged to be removed, or at least a portion of the protective frame is arranged to be folded for stowing in the operation deck.

Abstract: A utility vehicle includes a vehicle body frame including a left and right side portion, a front seat affixed to the vehicle body frame, and a rear seat affixed to the vehicle body frame provided to the rear of the front seat. The vehicle also includes a rear roof support structure including a left member and right pipe member that extend generally in the vertical direction from the vehicle body frame, disposed respectively at both the left and right side portions of the vehicle body frame to the rear of the rear seat. At least a downward direction portion of the left pipe member and right pipe member are positioned lower than a seating surface of a seat cushion portion of the rear seat and are angled so as to extend rearward as the left and right pipe members extend upward.

Abstract: An off-road vehicle includes a frame and four wheels that support the frame. Two seat assemblies are disposed side by side on the frame. The seat assemblies are separated from each other to define a space therebetween. An engine powers the wheels. The engine defines an air intake port that communicates with a combustion chamber. An air intake system delivers air to the intake port. At least a portion of the air intake system extends through the space.

Abstract: An off-road vehicle includes a frame and a plurality of wheels. An engine powers the wheels. An air intake system supplies air to the engine. The air intake system has an air inlet through which ambient air enters the intake system. The air inlet is positioned higher than the wheels. An air intake duct extends rearward to the engine from the air inlet. At least a portion of the air intake duct is positioned lower than the tops of the wheels.

Abstract: A utility vehicle including: a vehicle body frame including a left and right side portion; a front seat affixed to the vehicle body frame; a rear seat affixed to the vehicle body frame provided to the rear of the front seat; a rear roof support structure including a left member and right pipe member that extend generally in the vertical direction from the vehicle body frame, disposed respectively at both the left and right side portions of the vehicle body frame to the rear of the rear seat, wherein at least a downward direction portion of the left pipe member and right pipe member are positioned lower than a seating surface of a seat cushion portion of the rear seat and are angled so as to be positioned further towards the back the higher up; and a pair of rear wheels supported by the vehicle body frame provided a position that is below the seat cushion portion of the rear seat wherein, at least a portion thereof, is coincident with the rear seat and with the rear roof support structure in the front/back dir

Abstract: An off-road vehicle includes a frame and a plurality of wheels. An engine powers the wheels. An air intake system supplies air to the engine. The air intake system has an air inlet through which ambient air enters the intake system. The air inlet is positioned higher than the wheels. An air intake duct extends rearward to the engine from the air inlet. At least a portion of the air intake duct is positioned lower than the tops of the wheels.

Abstract: An operation control system for a small-sized vehicle is capable of reducing an electric power consumption of a battery used for a power steering apparatus. The operation control system includes a main switch configured to turn on/off an engine, and a power switch function configured to turn on/off an electric motor-driven power steering apparatus supplying an assisting steering force to a steering shaft.

Abstract: An off-road vehicle has a frame with a floorboard extending laterally over a middle region of the frame. The floorboard has a upward projection that defines a tunnel. At least a portion of an air intake system of an engine of the vehicle is positioned within the tunnel. A foot pedal is disposed in front of a seat such that a driver of the vehicle can operate the pedal by foot. The tunnel has a surface that is laterally adjacent the foot pedal such that the foot of a driver can simultaneously contact the surface and the foot pedal.

Abstract: An off-road vehicle includes a frame and wheels. An engine powers the wheels through a drive system that includes a front differential gear unit. A housing encloses the front differential gear unit. The housing is positioned generally on a longitudinal center plane of the frame with the plane extending generally vertically and fore to aft. A steering system controls directional movement of the front wheels. The steering system includes a steering wheel that is offset relative to the center plane. A steering shaft is connected to the steering wheel and is disposed on the frame for rotation. A pair of tie-rods are coupled with the respective front wheels. A coupling mechanism couples the steering shaft to the tie-rods. The coupling mechanism converts the rotary movement of the steering shaft to an axial movement of each tie-rod. The coupling mechanism includes a rack-and-pinion assembly. A gear case encloses the rack-and-pinion assembly.

Abstract: An off-road vehicle includes a frame and four wheels that support the frame. Two seat assemblies are disposed side by side on the frame. The seat assemblies are separated from each other to define a space therebetween. An engine powers the wheels. The engine defines an air intake port that communicates with a combustion chamber. An air intake system delivers air to the intake port. At least a portion of the air intake system extends through the space.

Abstract: An off-road vehicle includes a frame and a plurality of wheels. An engine powers the wheels. An air intake system supplies air to the engine. The air intake system has an air inlet through which ambient air enters the intake system. The air inlet is positioned higher than the wheels. An air intake duct extends rearward to the engine from the air inlet. At least a portion of the air intake duct is positioned lower than the tops of the wheels.

Abstract: An off-road vehicle includes a frame and four wheels that support the frame. Two seat assemblies are disposed side by side on the frame. The seat assemblies are separated from each other to define a space therebetween. An engine powers the wheels. The engine defines an air intake port that communicates with a combustion chamber. An air intake system delivers air to the intake port. At least a portion of the air intake system extends through the space.

Abstract: In order to prevent any erroneous insertion of a thin circuit board 3 into a gap 5 formed between a main circuit board 1 and a connector 2 when the thin circuit board 3 is inserted into an inserting port 2e formed at the connector 2 fixed at a mounting surface of the main circuit board 1 by electric connection, a guide 6 is formed by applying solder onto the mounting surface of the main circuit board 1 and in the vicinity of the inserting port 2e. The guide 6 can prevent any insertion of the thin circuit board 3 into the gap 5.

Abstract: An off-road vehicle has a frame. A pair of front wheels and a pair of rear wheels support the frame. The frame supports at least two seats. An engine powers the off-road vehicle and has a crankshaft. A transmission has an output shaft driven by the crankshaft. The output shaft drives the front and rear wheels. Each seat has a front end, a rear end and a bottom end. The crankshaft is positioned between the output shaft and the rear wheels. The crankshaft and the output shaft are disposed between a generally vertically extending first plane including the front end of the seat and a generally vertically extending second plane including the rear end of the seat. The crankshaft and the output shaft also are disposed below a generally horizontally extending third plane.

Abstract: In order to prevent any erroneous insertion of a thin circuit board 3 into a gap 5 formed between a main circuit board 1 and a connector 2 when the thin circuit board 3 is inserted into an inserting port 2e formed at the connector 2 fixed at a mounting surface of the main circuit board 1 by electric connection, a guide 6 is formed by applying solder onto the mounting surface of the main circuit board 1 and in the vicinity of the inserting port 2e. The guide 6 can prevent any insertion of the thin circuit board 3 into the gap 5.