Abstract: A fluid circulation circuit includes a flow passage switching valve. The flow passage switching valve includes a body and a switcher. The body includes a first inlet, a second inlet, and outlets including a first outlet. The switcher is capable of switching a passage configuration to a state in which a fluid that has flowed in from the first inlet flows out of either one of the outlets and a state in which the fluid that has flowed in from the second inlet flows out of either one of the outlets.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a compound that is useful for the treatment and prophylaxis of rabies. The present disclosure provides a compound represented by formula XXIIF or formula XXIIB: wherein R1, R2A, R2B, R3, and R4 are defined in the specification, a solvent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, use of such a compound, solvate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment or prophylaxis of rabies and cancer, a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a compound, solvate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of rabies and cancer using the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compounds useful in the treatment and prevention of rabies. The present disclosure provides compounds represented by formula XXIF or XXIB [in the formulas, R1, R2A, R2B, R3, and R4 are as defined in the specification], solvates or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, the use of these compounds, solvates or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof to treat or prevent rabies, pharmaceutical compositions including these compounds, solvates or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and a method for treating and preventing rabies using the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a compound that is useful for the treatment and prophylaxis of rabies. The present disclosure provides a compound represented by formula XXIIF or formula XXIIB: wherein R1, R2A, R2B, R3, and R4 are defined in the specification, a solvent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, use of such a compound, solvate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment or prophylaxis of rabies and cancer, a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a compound, solvate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of rabies and cancer using the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a compound that is useful for the treatment and prophylaxis of rabies. The present disclosure provides a compound represented by formula XXIF or formula XXIB: wherein R1, R2A, R2B, R3, and R4 are defined in the specification, a solvent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, use of such a compound, solvate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the treatment or prophylaxis of rabies and cancer, a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a compound, solvate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of rabies and cancer using the same.

Abstract: The present specification provides an anti-EpoR peptide. A peptide having the structure represented by formula (I): X1-SCH(A1)(A2)(A3)(A4)(A5)(A6)V(A7)(A8)-X2 (wherein X1 is the amino terminal side of the peptide; X2 is the carboxy terminal side of the peptide; A1 is M or F, phenylglycine or phenethylglycine optionally substituted by a halogen atom or a hydroxyl group; A2 is A, d-alanine or G; A3 is P, homoproline or A; A4 is M, L, A or I; A5 is T or A; A6 is M or W, F, Y, ?-homotryptophan, ?-naphthylalanine, ?-naphthylalanine, or quinolylalanine optionally substituted by methyl or a halogen atom; A7 is C, homocysteine, or penicillamine; and A8 is K, R or absent.) is provided.

Abstract: A controller stops a fuel injection when a vehicle is in a specified decelerate condition where the vehicle likely stops and an automatic stop requirement is generated. An input shaft and an output shaft of a shift transmission mechanism are directly connected with each other through a direct connector so that a driving power is transmitted from an engine to a driving shaft through a power transmitter which permits a sliding between an input shaft and an output shaft thereof. When a restart requirement is generated before the vehicle is completely stopped, the engine is restarted under a condition where the input shaft and the output shaft of the shift transmission mechanism are connected with each other by a direct connector. When the restart requirement is not generated before the vehicle is completely stopped, the input shaft and the output shaft are disconnected when the vehicle is completely stopped.

Abstract: A controller stops a fuel injection when a vehicle is in a specified decelerate condition where the vehicle likely stops and an automatic stop requirement is generated. An input shaft and an output shaft of a shift transmission mechanism are directly connected with each other through a direct connector so that a driving power is transmitted from an engine to a driving shaft through a power transmitter which permits a sliding between an input shaft and an output shaft thereof. When a restart requirement is generated before the vehicle is completely stopped, the engine is restarted under a condition where the input shaft and the output shaft of the shift transmission mechanism are connected with each other by a direct connector. When the restart requirement is not generated before the vehicle is completely stopped, the input shaft and the output shaft are disconnected when the vehicle is completely stopped.

Abstract: A fastening fitting is formed of a U-shaped fastening portion with a straight portion and a narrow mouth for holding a member therein, a linearly extending portion extending from the straight portion to be bent with respect to a plane including the U-shaped fastening portion with an angle between 80 and 130 degrees, a reinforcing member-tightening portion extending upwardly from an end of the linearly extending portion with an angle between 85 and 110 degrees with respect to the linearly extending portion, and a horizontally protruding portion protruding outwardly from the end of the linearly extending portion substantially parallel to the plane including the U-shaped fastening portion. The linearly extending portion, the reinforcing member-tightening portion and the horizontally protruding portion intersect at one point. The fastening fitting can be used easily together with molding frames and a separator.

Abstract: An alumina catalyst carrier is prepared by using an alumina material comprising 90 to 20% by weight of alumina as particles having an aspect ratio of 1 to 5, and 10 to 80% by weight of alumina as particles having an aspect ratio of more than 10 but less than 10,000; kneading and forming the alumina material, and then calcining the formed product. The resulting catalyst carrier has high strength, and has such a pore diameter distribution as to give satisfactory catalytic activity.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine has a catalyst arranged in the exhaust system, for purifying exhaust gases emitted from the engine. An ECU controls operation of the engine, based on at least one predetermined control parameter, and detects a temperature state of the catalyst at the start of the engine. The at least one predetermined control parameter is changed, based on the detected temperature state of the catalyst, after the start of the engine.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control system for an internal combustion engine having a catalytic converter arranged in the exhaust system, has an upstream oxygen sensor and a downstream oxygen sensor arranged in the exhaust system at locations upstream and downstream of the catalytic converter, respectively. An ECU determines a feedback control constant, based on an output from the downstream oxygen sensor, and determines an air-fuel ratio control amount, based on the determined feedback control constant and an output from the upstream oxygen sensor. The ECU carries out feedback-control of the air-fuel ratio of a mixture supplied to the engine by means of the determined air-fuel ratio control amount. The updating rate of the feedback control constant is set based on the temperature of the catalyst of the catalytic converter.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine for use in a vehicle. An ECU determines whether the catalytic converter is in a predetermined high temperature condition, and also determines whether the engine has continuously been in an operating condition in which the rotational speed of the engine exceeds a predetermined value and load on the engine exceeds a predetermined value, over a predetermined time period. When the catalytic converter is in the predetermined high temperature or when the engine has continuously been in the above high speed and high load condition over the predetermined period, the ECU controls the throttle valve in a manner such that the opening of the throttle valve is decreased.

Abstract: A control system for an internal combustion engine for an automotive vehicle determines whether a catalytic converter arranged in the exhaust system of the engine is in a predetermined high temperature condition. When it is determined that the catalytic converter is in the predetermined high temperature condition, priority is given either to a decrease in the amount of intake air supplied to the engine or to an increase in the amount of fuel to be supplied to the engine, depending on operating conditions of the engine.

Abstract: A driving force-calculating system calculates a desired driving force required by an automotive vehicle depending on operating conditions of the vehicle. A kinetic energy parameter representative of kinetic energy of the vehicle is calculated from an amount of change in speed of the vehicle assumed during acceleration of the vehicle. A correction coefficient is calculated based on an average value of a maximal value of the kinetic energy parameter assumed within a predetermined time period. The desired driving force required by the vehicle is calculated by the use of the correction coefficient. A control system for automotive vehicles which incorporates the driving force-calculating system is also provided.

Abstract: A throttle valve control system for an internal combustion engine installed in a vehicle. A throttle valve opening sensor detects an actual opening of a throttle valve, and an ECU calculates a desired opening of the throttle valve according to the rotational speed of the engine and the required torque of the engine, which is calculated according to operating conditions of the engine and operating conditions of the vehicle, and electrically controls the throttle valve such that the detected actual opening of the throttle valve becomes equal to the desired opening of the throttle valve. An intake pressure sensor detects actual intake pressure within the intake passage, and desired intake pressure within the intake passage is calculated according to the rotational speed of the engine and the required torque of the engine. The desired intake pressure is compared with the detected actual intake pressure, and the desired opening of the throttle valve is corrected based on results of the comparison.

Abstract: A fuel supply control system for an internal combustion engine having a catalytic converter arranged in the exhaust system, includes an ECU which estimates a storage amount of oxygen stored in the catalytic converter, calculates a physical amount having correlation with a purification rate of the catalytic converter, based on the estimated storage amount of oxygen, and controls the air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture to be supplied to the engine, based on the calculated physical amount.

Abstract: A fuel injection mount control system for an internal combustion engine includes an ECU which calculates a first amount of fuel directly drawn into each combustion chamber out of an amount of fuel injected into the intake passage via a corresponding fuel injection valve, a second amount of fuel carried off fuel adhering to the wall surface of the intake passage into the combustion chamber, and an amount of fuel to be injected into the intake passage, based on the first fuel amount and the second fuel amount, calculates an air-fuel ratio correction amount, based on an output form an air-fuel ratio sensor arranged in the exhaust system, and corrects the amount of fuel to be injected into the intake passage by the air-fuel ratio correction amount. Further, the ECU corrects the second fuel amount, based on the air-fuel ratio correction amount.

Abstract: A fuel injection amount control system for an internal combustion engine includes an ECU which calculates a desired amount of fuel to be supplied to each combustion chamber in response to operating conditions of the engine, and calculates values of parameters indicative of fuel adherence characteristics of the interior of the intake passage in response to operating conditions of the engine. The ECU further calculates a first fuel amount which is directly drawn into the combustion chamber from a fuel amount injected by the fuel injection valve, and a second amount of fuel which is carried off the wall surface of the intake passage due to evaporation and drawn into the combustion chamber, based upon the values of the parameters. The ECU calculates an injection amount of fuel to be injected, by correcting the desired fuel amount, based upon the first and second fuel amounts.

Abstract: A graphic data processor employs a CAD system having an input part, a design model managing part and a display part. The design model managing part includes a model area creating unit for securing a model area and formatting the model area into function figures, layers, figure groups, and figures, a model accessing unit for accessing the model area and an external file, a model data retrieving unit for hierarchically retrieving data from the model area and a model updating unit for creating model information and correcting figure information.