Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a negative electrode containing a graphite material as the negative active material, a positive electrode containing lithium cobalt oxide as a main component of the positive active material and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution, the battery being characterized in that the lithium cobalt oxide contains a group IVA element and a group IIA element of the periodic table, the nonaqueous electrolyte solution contains 0.2-1.5% by weight of a sulfonyl-containing compound and preferably further contains 0.5-4% by weight of vinylene carbonate.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery which has a positive electrode containing lithium cobalt oxide as a positive active material, a negative electrode containing a graphite material and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing ethylene carbonate as a solvent and which is charged with an end-of-charge voltage of at least 4.3 V. Characteristically, the battery uses, as the positive active material, lithium cobalt oxide obtained by firing a mixture of a lithium salt, tricobalt tetraoxide (Co3O4) and a zirconium compound and having particle surfaces onto which the zirconium compound adheres.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery wherein a material capable of occludeing/discharging lithium is used as a negative electrode material and a lithium-trasition metal composite oxide which contains Ni and Mn as the transition metal and has a layered structure is used as a positive electrode material is characterized in that a lithium-transition metal composite oxide having a BET specific surface area less than 3 m2/g and a pH of 11.0 or less when 5 g of the lithium-transition metal composite oxide is immersed in 50 ml of purified water is used as the positive electrode active material.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a positive electrode containing a positive active material, a negative electrode containing a negative active material and a non-aqueous electrolyte, characterized in that lithium transition metal complex oxide A formed by allowing LiCoO2 to contain at least both of Zr and Mg and lithium transition metal complex oxide B having a layered structure and containing at least both of Mn and Ni as transition metals are mixed and used as said positive active material, and vinylene carbonate and divinyl sulfone are contained in said non-aqueous electrolyte.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a positive electrode containing a positive active material, a negative electrode containing a negative active material and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein a lithium transition metal complex oxide A formed by allowing LiCoO2 to contain at least both of Zr and Mg and a lithium transition metal complex oxide B having a layered structure and containing at least both of Mn and Ni as transition metals and containing molybdenum (Mo) are mixed and used as said positive active material.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material, and a nonaqueous electrolyte is characterized in that the positive electrode active material is composed of a lithium trasition metal oxide having a layer structure and containing Li and Co and further contains a group IVA element and group IIA element of the periodic table.

Abstract: A sealed nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a case which is deformed when the inner pressure is increased is characterized in that a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium is used as a negative electrode material, and a mixture of a lithium transition metal composite oxide containing Ni and Mn as transition metals and having a layered structure and a lithium cobaltate is used as a positive electrode material.

Abstract: Capacity degradation due to charge/discharge cycles is suppressed in either a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell provided with a positive electrode including, as a positive electrode active material, a lithium-transition metal complex oxide having a layered structure and containing at least Ni and Mn as transition metals, and a negative electrode containing a carbon material as a negative electrode active material and having a higher initial charge-discharge efficiency than that of the positive electrode, or an assembled battery having a plurality of cells each of which is the secondary cell. A control circuit incorporated in the secondary cell or the assembled battery, or in an apparatus using the secondary cell or the assembled battery, monitors the voltage of the secondary cell or each of the cells in the assembled battery so that the end-of-discharge voltage of each cell is 2.9 V or higher.

Abstract: Printed book publishing system and method, for loading down data on a network according to a request from a terminal and for outputting the loaded data for publishing the printed book, comprising a management server which performs making a data server storing book contents data send the book contents data according to a request from the terminal; wherein the book contents data is converted to image data for viewing and the image data for viewing is sent to the terminal.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including an airtight outer container, the shape of which can be changed by an increase of battery internal pressure; a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium as a negative electrode material; and a lithium-transition metal composite oxide having a layer structure in which nickel and manganese are contained as transition metals and containing fluorine as a positive electrode material.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The topmost layer comprises a binder comprising a crosslinked resin having, as a recurring unit, (a) a portion comprising a constituent having a fluorine or silicon atom at the side chain, (b) a portion having an aromatic group in the main or side chain, and (c) a portion having a hydroxyl group or an amino group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor has a layered-type structure comprising an electrically conductive support having thereon a charge generating layer comprising a charge generating organic material and an electron transportable carrier transport layer comprising an electron transport organic material and a binder, and the electron transport material under a mutual molecular aggregation state of the electron transport material which results in a new adsorption component at 20 nm or more longer wavelength side than the maximum monomoleclar absorption wavelength of the electron transport material is incorporated in the electron transportable carrier transport layer and the weight ratio of the electron transport material to the binder of the electron transportable carrier transport layer ranges from 25/100 to 200/100.According to the foregoing, it is possible to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor which has a small residual electric potential and can assure an image contrast.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotoreceptor comprising a conductive substrate and provided thereon, a photoreceptive layer comprising a charge generation material, an organic electron transporting charge transport material and a binder, wherein a layer transporting charge satisfies inequality .alpha..ltoreq.0.6, said .alpha. being a gradient of a straight line represented by the following formula (a):.PHI..sub.CTL =.alpha..multidot..PHI..sub.M +.beta. (a)wherein .PHI..sub.CTL represents work function of the layer transporting charge alone obtained by measuring a contact potential difference of the layer transporting charge on a conductive electrode material; .PHI..sub.M represents work function of the conductive electrode material; and .beta. is a constant.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, comprising a conductive support and having thereon a photoreceptor layer comprising an electron-transporting charge transport layer containing an organic electron-transporting material in a binder, the electron transporting charge transport layer further containing an aliphatic amine compound having an oxidation potential of 0.5 to 0.9 V versus a silver/silver chloride electrode, in an amount of 0.01 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts of the electron-transporting material.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprising (a) a photoreceptor comprising an endless transparent support having thereon a transparent conductive layer, a charge carrier generation layer and a charge carrier transport layer; (b) a charger for charging uniformly the outermost surface of the photoreceptor; (c) an exposing means for having the photoreceptor exposed to light from the side of the support to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photoreceptor; (d) a developing means for developing the electrostatic latent image to form a toner image; (e) a transfer means for transferring the toner image onto a transfer material; and (f) a fixing means for fixing the toner image transferred, wherein a transmittance of the charge carrier generation layer is 20% or less with respect to exposing light emitted from the exposing means, and a carrier drift mobility in the charge carrier transport layer is 1.times.10.sup.-6 cm.sup.2 /V.sec or more under an electric field intensity of 2.times.10.sup.5 V/cm.

Abstract: A mode transformer for a waveguide and microstrip lines capable of obtaining sufficient cross polarization isolation and a receiving converter comprising the same is provided. Transformers of horizontal and vertical polarized waves comprise orthogonal first and second microstrip lines and a circular waveguide. By placing a metal bar connected to the waveguide between the first and second microstrip lines, the metal bar has the ground potential which is the same as the potential of the circular input waveguide and the electric fields excited in the first and second microstrip lines have a polarity that move toward the direction of the metal bar, so that electric field coupling of the first and second microstrip lines may be avoided.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrophotographic photoreceptor which comprises a titanylphthalocyanine containing 0.2% by weight or less of chlorine in a crystal form with the X-ray diffraction spectrum to Cu--K.alpha. line having peaks at Bragg's angles 2.theta. of 9.5.degree..+-.0.2.degree., 24.1.degree..+-.0.2.degree. and 27.2.degree..+-.0.2.degree..

Abstract: A microwave mixing circuit of a small size for selecting a signal to be received out of plural microwave signal inputs, and converting it to an intermediate frequency signal, and a down converter comprising it are provided. A microwave input signal within a band of 12 GHz applied to one microwave signal input unit is guided through a bias terminal from a comparator into a mixer diode to which a bias current is supplied, and is converted in frequency by the mixer diode. A microwave input signal applied to other microwave signal input unit is guided through the bias terminal from the comparator into a mixer diode to which bias current is not supplied, and is hence not converted in frequency by the mixer diode. As a result, only an intermediate frequency signal of 1 GHz band corresponding to the former microwave signal appears at the intermediate frequency signal output terminal.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises a conductive support and provided thereon, a photpreceptive layer containing a compound represented by the following Formula 1: ##STR1## wherein X represents a group capable of forming a hydrogen bond; and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, a heterocyclic group, a hydroxy group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an acyl group, a urethane group, a carboxyl group, a carboxylate ester group, an amido group or --NH.sub.2, --NHR or --NHCOR in which R represents alkyl or aryl; and R' and R" independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group or R' and R" combine with each other to form a ring.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprising (a) a photoreceptor comprising an endless transparent support having thereon a transparent conductive layer, a charge carrier generation layer and a charge carrier transport layer; (b) a charger for charging uniformly the outermost surface of the photoreceptor; (c) an exposing means for having the photoreceptor exposed to light from the side of the support to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photoreceptor; (d) a developing means for developing the electrostatic latent image to form a toner image; (e) a transfer means for transferring the toner image onto a transfer material; and (f) a fixing means for fixing the toner image transferred, wherein a transmittance of the charge carrier generation layer is 20% or less with respect to exposing light emitted from the exposing means, and a carrier drift mobility in the charge carrier transport layer is 1.times.10.sup.-6 cm.sup.2 /V.sec or more under an electric field intensity of 2.times.10.sup.5 V/cm.