Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp is provided with an arc tube and a starter. The starter includes a ferroelectric ceramic capacitor element with non-linear characteristics an a semiconductor switching element, connected in parallel to the arc tube. A pulse stopping thermally-actuated switch is connected in series to the ferroelectric ceramic capacitor element and is operated to OFF by heating of a heating resistor in a non-lighted state of the lamp. Without accompanying reduction of a starting function due to a temperature rise of the ferroelectric ceramic capacitor element, a safety function against a non-lighted state of the lamp is provided.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp is provided with an arc tube and a starter. The starter includes a ferroelectric ceramic capacitor element with non-linear characteristics and a semiconductor switching element, connected in parallel to the arc tube. A pulse stopping thermally-actuated switch is connected in series to the ferroelectric ceramic capacitor element and is operated to OFF by heating of a heating resistor in a non-lighted state of the lamp. Without accompanying reduction of a starting function due to a temperature rise of the ferroelectric ceramic capacitor element, a safety function against a non-lighted state of the lamp is provided.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp comprises a pair of electrodes and a discharge vessel filled with at least one metal halide comprising at least one rare earth metal halide, halogen in excess of the stoichiometry of the metal halide(s), mercury, and a rare gas. The amount of the mercury is between 7.7 mg/cc and 9.9 mg/cc, the excess halogen is 25-100% (in terms of atoms) of the halogen included in the metal halide(s), and the rated tube power for 200V rated tube voltage is 2000 W-3000 W.

Abstract: A lamp for a halogen lamp a single-tube, high-intensity discharge lamp, a double-tube high-intensity discharge lamp having an outer housing formed of quartz, and the like, being characterized in that a film having desirable heat conductivity and emissivity is formed on the surface of each sealing portion thereof, whereby the temperature at the distal end of the molybdenum foil in the sealing portion away from the center of the bulb can be kept at about 350.degree. C. or less while the lamp is burning.

Abstract: A single-tube high-watt metal halide lamp being characterized in that its fixture socket installation portions are formed at caps secured to a pair of sealing portions formed at both sides of a discharge tube, and the distance between the fixture socket installation portion and the sealing portion is set at 8.5 mm or less so as to dispose the molybdenum foil of the sealing portion close to a socket of a lighting fixture, whereby the lamp can reduce the temperatures at the ends of the sealing portions and can have a long service life.