Abstract: An image forming system in which a PDL controller develops a raster image from entered PDL image data and sends a number Pr of items of prepared raster image data to a copier together with the raster image data and the number of copies of images to be formed. On the basis of the raster image data received, the copier forms images on recording paper, with the number of images being equivalent to the number of copies to be formed. The copier compares a number Pf of sheets of recording paper supplied to an image forming unit with the number Pr at a predetermined timing. If Pr>Pf holds true, then the copier supplies a new sheet of recording paper to continue a continuous printing operation. Otherwise, the copier halts the supply of recording paper, stops the continuous printing operation and so notifies the PDL controller.

Abstract: An inclination, at a pit forming position, of the information recording surface of an optical disc with respect to a plane that is perpendicular to laser light emitted from an optical pickup is detected by a tilt sensor. Pits are formed while the laser light intensity is increased as the detected inclination increases. The illumination light quantity per unit area decreases as the inclination of the information recording surface increases. Setting the laser light intensity at a larger value as the inclination of the information recording surface increases makes it possible to compensate for reduction of the illumination light quantity per unit area that occurs in association with inclination of the information recording surface without the need for correcting the laser light emitting direction. Therefore, even if the information recording surface of an optical information recording medium is inclined, information recording can be performed with a constant laser light emitting direction.

Abstract: Provided are an image processing method and apparatus in which there is little deterioration in picture quality when specific information specifying a copying machine or the user thereof is added to image data. Pixel data in an 8.times.4 array at a predetermined position of the image data is modulated by subtracting a predetermined value .alpha. from 2.times.4 pixel data 2302 and 2.times.4 pixel data 2303 and adding the predetermined value a to 4.times.4 pixel data 2301 in such a manner that the number of pixels from which the predetermined value is subtracted and the number of pixels to which the predetermined value is added will become equal. The modulated data serves as a unit of added information. A plurality of units of the added information are arranged on the image data and the added information is represented by the mutual positional relationship of the plurality of information units.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a developing device which develops a portion of one page into raster image data by translating a page describing language. A memory stores the developed partial image data of one page, and a reader reads an original in the units into which the original is divided. A composition device forms composite image data on the basis of the image data read from the memory and the original image data read from the memory and the original image data read by the reader. A control circuit controls the development device, the reader and an image forming device so as to develop an image of one page in the predetermined units. In addition the control circuit operates the reader, the composition device and the image forming device so as to form an image in synchronism with development of an image in the units, and repeats image development in the units to form an image for one page.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to improve the operability of color adjustment by using a simple hardware arrangement which performs only a matrix arithmetic operation having matrix coefficients properly determined in accordance with adjustment amounts designated from an operation unit for adjusting three variables as lightness, saturation, and hue. In the constitution of this invention, an image input unit inputs a color input signal, and a color conversion unit extracts the minimum value from the input color signal for each pixel, obtaining a difference signal of the input color signal and the extracted minimum value signal. The obtained difference signal is converted in matrix in accordance with matrix conversion coefficients generated by a matrix conversion coefficient unit in correspondence with the adjustment amounts of the adjustment items of an operation unit for adjusting three variables as lightness, hue, and saturation.

Abstract: A process for producing a carbon sensor for measuring a composition, includes (a) providing first and second carbon electrodes each comprised of a bundle of linear, thin carbon members; (b) surrounding the first carbon electrode by dipping the first carbon electrode in a solution comprised of a reactive substance which reacts chemically with the composition to be measured; (c) disposing the first carbon electrode and the solution in a cylindrical ion permeable membrane to hold the solution in the first carbon electrode as well as between the first carbon electrode and the cylindrical ion permeable membrane; (d) positioning the cylindrical ion permeable membrane including the first carbon electrode and the solution in an insulating tubular member; and (e) disposing the second carbon electrode between the insulating tubular member and the cylindrical ion permeable membrane.

Abstract: A carbon electrode is dipped in a solution containing a reactive substance, and the carbon electrode impregnated with the solution is covered with an insulating tubular member; or a solution containing a reactant is poured into an insulating tube, and a carbon electrode is inserted into the tube; whereby the reactant is made coexistent in the periphery of the carbon electrode. Alternatively, a reactive substance such as an active enzyme and graphite particles or activated carbon particles are mixed with a liquid and dispersed therein to prepare a thoroughly wetted paste. The paste is introduced by means of an extruding mechanism such as a syringe into an insulating tubular member in which a bundle of many thin carbon rods as a lead is inserted. Thus, a carbon sensor electrode is produced. Alternatively, a first carbon electrode that has been dipped in an active enzyme or an enzyme-like reactive substance solution is disposed in a wet condition in a cylindrical ion permeable membrane.

Abstract: A method for producing a compound oxide superconducting thin film, comprising forming an oxide thin film on the surface of a substrate of a first metal element having a redox charge by oxidizing the metal, using the oxide thin film thus formed as an electrode for oxidation reaction of a second metal element contained in an electrolyte solution or molten salt to incorporate the second metal element in the oxide thin film, using the compound oxide thin film thus formed as an electrode to obtain a cyclic voltammogram, and electrochemically processing the compound oxide thin film at an electrolytic potential that is determined based on the cyclic voltammogram.

Abstract: A working micro-electrode with a reference electrode prepared by coating a working micro-electrode with an insulating material except a working electrode portion, forming a silver layer on the coated surface, and then changing a portion of the silver layer into silver chloride which is the reference electrode; a working micro-electrode with a reference electrode and a counter electrode prepared by coating the working micro-electrode with the reference electrode with an insulating material, and then forming the counter electrode on the surface of the insulating material; and methods for preparing these composite micro-electrodes.Heretofore, even if the working electrode is thinly constituted, the merit of the micro-electrode has not been sufficiently utilized, since the reference electrode and the counter electrode have been thick. However, the present invention can solve this problem and can facilitate experiments in which the micro-electrode is necessary.

Abstract: A carbon micro-sensor electrode is disclosed which is prepared by impregnating, adsorbing or chemically modifying a pure composite carbon wire having many micropores extending to its surface and interior with a reactant such as an enzyme, a metal complex compound, an organic compound or a metabolite; and a method for preparing this carbon micro-sensor electrode is also disclosed.The above-mentioned electrode can be used for a long period of time, since the reactant is received in the many micropores. Furthermore, after used, the electrode may be cut off to expose a new electrode surface, and this new electrode surface may be coated with a material which does not impede an electrode reaction, whereby the reactant can be prevented from flowing out. Thus, the carbon micro-sensor electrode of the present invention can be repeatedly utilized.

Abstract: In a redox battery including an electrolytic cell which has a circulating type electrolytic solution and an intermittent circulating type electrolytic solution which has a membrane and which employs an electrolytic solution permeable porous electrode, a solution of vanadium (II/III) dissolved in sulfuric acid is used as an active material on the negative electrode of a redox couple, and an oxidizing substance in a gas (such as oxygen) or in electrolytic solution is used as an active material on the positive electrode of the redox couple. The redox battery of the invention shows high energy density, and has a small size and a high output, thus it can be used for an electric vehicle or as a portable battery.

Abstract: A method for producing an oxide superconductor comprises obtaining a cyclic voltammogram using an oxide material containing an element having a redox charge as an electrode, determining an electrolytic potential for the oxide material on the basis of the voltammogram, and electrolyzing the oxide material at the determined potential.

Abstract: A carbon micro-sensor electrode is disclosed which is prepared by impregnating, adsorbing or chemically modifying a pure composite carbon wire having many micropores extending to its surface and interior with a reactant such as an enzyme, a metal complex compound, an organic compound or a metabolite; and a method for preparing this carbon micro-sensor electrode is also disclosed.The above-mentioned electrode can be used for a long period of time, since the reactant is received in the many micropores. Furthermore, after used, the electrode may be cut off to expose a new electrode surface, and this new electrode surface may be coated with a material which does not impede an electrode reaction, whereby the reactant can be prevented from flowing out. Thus, the carbon micro-sensor electrode of the present invention can be repeatedly utilized.

Abstract: A method of making a probe electrode includes the steps of kneading a mixture of 75-80% by weight of a carbon material, 10-14% by weight of an organic binder and 7-9% by weight of mineral oil, forming the kneaded mixture into a predetermined shape, heating the shaped mixture in air the temperature of up to 300.degree. C. and raising the temperature in an atmosphere of inert gas up to 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: A vanadium electrolytic solution containing highly concentrated and dissolved vanadium is produced by a method wherein a vanadium compound selected from the group consisting of ammonium metavanadate and vanadium pentaoxide is subjected to a reduction operation in the presence of inorganic acids. At this time, by repeating the addition of the concentrated inorganic acids and the vanadium compound, a tetravalent and pentavalent vanadium solution of 3.4 mol/l is obtained.In addition, the resulting vanadium electrolytic solution is electrolyzed, whereby tetravalent vanadium is reduced to be trivalent on the negative electrode and is oxidized into pentavalent vanadium on the positive electrode, and then pentavalent vanadium is reduced into tetravalent vanadium by a reducing agent to form a discharged couple of trivalent and tetravalent vanadium, and an electrolytic solution is obtained which is capable of being charge-discharged.

Abstract: A tapered carbon microelectrode is produced by extruding an organic material or a composition composed of crystalline carbon fine powder and an organic binder into a thin rod form, carbonizing said rod by calcining to produce a pure carbon thin rod, soaking the resulting thin rod as an anode in an electrolytic solution, gradually pulling up the thin rod while electrochemically oxidizing the tip portion of the thin rod. Then a lead wire is connected with the thick portion of the thin rod followed by coating all the surface except the conically sharp tip portion.The tapered carbon electrode can be used for various electrochemical measurements and scanning tunneling microscope.

Abstract: Novel synthesis of dihalovinylcyclopropanecarboxylates, including potent insecticides, are described. The processes begin with the reaction between an alkenol and an orthoester to produce a .gamma.-unsaturated carboxylate, followed by the catalyzed addition of a carbon tetrahalide to the double bond and dehydrohalogenation to produce a cyclopropane derivative.

Abstract: A thermal storage unit has a thermal storage material which performs heat exchange through a fluid filled in a thermal storage body arranged within a vessel having an opening communicated to outside. The thermal storage body is a porous ceramic molding which contains the thermal storage medium.

Abstract: Novel syntheses of dihalovinylcyclopropanecarboxylates, including potent insecticides, are described. The processes begin with the reaction between an alkenol and an orthoester to produce a .gamma.-unsaturated carboxylate, followed by the catalyzed addition of a carbon tetrahalide to the double bond and dehydrohalogenation to produce a cyclopropane derivative.

Abstract: Novel syntheses of dihalovinylcyclopropanecarboxylates, including potent insecticides, are described. The processes begin with the reaction between an alkenol and an orthoester to produce a .gamma.-unsaturated carboxylate, followed by the catalyzed addition of a carbon tetrahalide to the double bond and dehydrohalogenation to produce a cyclopropane derivative.