Abstract: A second core calculates an intervening variable that is defined by an inner function, when a time derivative of a state variable is expressed by a function having the state variable, the inner function, and an observable input variable as independent variables. A first core calculates a function by using respective values of the state variable, the intervening variable, and the input variable, and obtains a value of the state variable by time-integration of a value of the function. In the calculation of the function, the value of the state variable calculated in previous time, a value of the intervening variable calculated by the second core in the previous time, and a value of the input variable inputted in this time are used.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a drug having the inhibitory activity on ENPP2 which is a different target from that of the existing drug, as a medicament useful in a urinary excretion disorder patient for whom the existing drug has the insufficient effect. The present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula (I): (wherein definition of each group is as defined in the description) having the ENPP2 inhibitory activity, a salt thereof or a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof, and an agent for preventing or treating urinary excretion disorder and/or improving symptoms thereof, containing them as an active ingredient.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a drug having the inhibitory activity on ENPP2 which is a different target from that of the existing drug, as a medicament useful in a urinary excretion disorder patient for whom the existing drug has the insufficient effect. The present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula (I): (wherein definition of each group is as defined in the description) having the ENPP2 inhibitory activity, a salt thereof or a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof, and an agent for preventing or treating urinary excretion disorder and/or improving symptoms thereof, containing them as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A second core calculates an intervening variable that is defined by an inner function, when a time derivative of a state variable is expressed by a function having the state variable, the inner function, and an observable input variable as independent variables. A first core calculates a function by using respective values of the state variable, the intervening variable, and the input variable, and obtains a value of the state variable by time-integration of a value of the function. In the calculation of the function, the value of the state variable calculated in previous time, a value of the intervening variable calculated by the second core in the previous time, and a value of the input variable inputted in this time are used.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a drug having the inhibitory activity on ENPP2 which is a different target from that of the existing drug, as a medicament useful in a urinary excretion disorder patient for whom the existing drug has the insufficient effect. The present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula (1): (wherein definition of each group is as defined in the description) having the ENPP2 inhibitory activity, a salt thereof or a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof, and an agent for preventing or treating urinary excretion disorder and/or improving symptoms thereof, containing them as an active ingredient.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a drug having the inhibitory activity on ENPP2 which is a different target from that of the existing drug, as a medicament useful in a urinary excretion disorder patient for whom the existing drug has the insufficient effect. The present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula (I): (wherein definition of each group is as defined in the description) having the ENPP2 inhibitory activity, a salt thereof or a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof, and an agent for preventing or treating urinary excretion disorder and/or improving symptoms thereof, containing them as an active ingredient.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a drug having the inhibitory activity on ENPP2 which is a different target from that of the existing drug, as a medicament useful in a urinary excretion disorder patient for whom the existing drug has the insufficient effect. The present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula (I): (wherein definition of each group is as defined in the description) having the ENPP2 inhibitory activity, a salt thereof or a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof, and an agent for preventing or treating urinary excretion disorder and/or improving symptoms thereof, containing them as an active ingredient.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a drug having the inhibitory activity on ENPP2 which is a different target from that of the existing drug, as a medicament useful in a urinary excretion disorder patient for whom the existing drug has the insufficient effect. The present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula (I): (wherein definition of each group is as defined in the description) having the ENPP2 inhibitory activity, a salt thereof or a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof, and an agent for preventing or treating urinary excretion disorder and/or improving symptoms thereof, containing them as an active ingredient.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a drug having the inhibitory activity on ENPP2 which is a different target from that of the existing drug, as a medicament useful in a urinary excretion disorder patient for whom the existing drug has the insufficient effect. The present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula (I): (wherein definition of each group is as defined in the description) having the ENPP2 inhibitory activity, a salt thereof or a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof, and an agent for preventing or treating urinary excretion disorder and/or improving symptoms thereof, containing them as an active ingredient.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a drug having the inhibitory activity on ENPP2 which is a different target from that of the existing drug, as a medicament useful in a urinary excretion disorder patient for whom the existing drug has the insufficient effect. The present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula (I): (wherein definition of each group is as defined in the description) having the ENPP2 inhibitory activity, a salt thereof or a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof, and an agent for preventing or treating urinary excretion disorder and/or improving symptoms thereof, containing them as an active ingredient.

Abstract: In a control device for an internal combustion engine, which includes control unit that has a processor with a plurality of cores and that computes various tasks associated with operation of the internal combustion engine, the control unit includes a selecting unit, that selects at least one core used in the computation from among the plurality of cores, a computing unit that distributes the tasks to the at least one core selected by the selecting unit to perform computation, and an acquisition unit that acquires an engine, rotational speed of the internal combustion engine, and, when the engine rotational speed acquired by the acquisition unit is higher than or equal to a predetermined threshold, the selecting unit increases the number of the cores selected as compared with when the acquired engine rotational speed is lower than the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: In a control device for an internal combustion engine, which includes control unit that has a processor with a plurality of cores and that computes various tasks associated with operation of the internal combustion engine, the control unit includes a selecting unit, that selects at least one core used in the computation from among the plurality of cores, a computing unit that distributes the tasks to the at least one core selected by the selecting unit to perform computation, and an acquisition unit that acquires an engine, rotational speed of the internal combustion engine, and, when the engine rotational speed acquired by the acquisition unit is higher than or equal to a predetermined threshold, the selecting unit increases the number of the cores selected as compared with when the acquired engine rotational speed is lower than the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a drug having the inhibitory activity on ENPP2 which is a different target from that of the existing drug, as a medicament useful in a urinary excretion disorder patient for whom the existing drug has the insufficient effect. The present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula (I): (wherein definition of each group is as defined in the description) having the ENPP2 inhibitory activity, a salt thereof or a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof, and an agent for preventing or treating urinary excretion disorder and/or improving symptoms thereof, containing them as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The invention relates to a model construction apparatus which constructs a model of a plant that includes a plurality of modeling objects, and which has a graphical user interface. The model construction apparatus has: a function of constructing models of the modeling objects separately for each modeling object as object models; a function of constructing the plant model by connecting the object models with each other by connection lines so that conserved quantities output from the object models are able to be exchanged between related object models that are included among the object models; a function of constructing elements that correspond to the object models as modeling object elements on the graphical user interface; and a function of storing the object models while associating the object models with the respective modeling object elements corresponding to the object models so that the object models are able to be invoked via the modeling object elements.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a drug having the inhibitory activity on ENPP2 which is a different target from that of the existing drug, as a medicament useful in a urinary excretion disorder patient for whom the existing drug has the insufficient effect. The present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula (I): (wherein definition of each group is as defined in the description) having the ENPP2 inhibitory activity, a salt thereof or a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof, and an agent for preventing or treating urinary excretion disorder and/or improving symptoms thereof, containing them as an active ingredient.

Abstract: An intake-air quantity estimation apparatus for an internal combustion engine, including an intake-air quantity estimation device that includes a cylinder pressure estimation device that estimates pressure within a cylinder through calculation using a model of the cylinder obtained based on a law of conservation of energy, the intake-air quantity estimation device estimates a cylinder intake-air quantity based on the estimated pressure within the cylinder, the cylinder intake-air quantity representing the amount of air flowing into the cylinder.

Abstract: An exhaust purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a catalyst unit disposed in an exhaust passage of the engine, upstream and downstream air-fuel-ratio sensors disposed upstream and downstream, respectively, of the catalyst unit, a main-feedback controller, and a sub-feedback controller. The main-feedback controller calculates a main-feedback control quantity on the basis of an output value of the upstream air-fuel-ratio sensor and a predetermined upstream-side target value, and corrects, on the basis of the main-feedback control quantity, the quantity of fuel injected by an fuel injector.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a variable valve actuation device for lifting an intake valve. The device is capable of changing the amount of opening of the intake valve. The device is configured to calculate a first estimated value Gao of the amount of intake air from a parameter regarding the operation state of the engine at the time of opening the intake valve; calculate a second estimated value Gac of the amount of intake air from a parameter regarding the operation state of the engine at the time of closing the intake valve; and calculate an actual amount of intake air Ga based on the first estimated value and the second estimated value.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to generate an adaptive value in a short time. An adaptive value generating program has an adaptive procedure control program and a DOE tool. The DOE tool is a general statistical processing tool. The adaptive value procedure generating program functions as an interface between a measuring apparatus and the DOE tool. In a data obtaining process, the adaptive value procedure generating program automatically determines a method of selecting a measurement point and passes the result to the DOE tool. Selection of an approximation function and selection of an optimization method are automated. Further, evaluation of a final approximation expression and determination of confirmation data are also automated.

Abstract: A throttle model M2 estimates the flow rate mt of air passing thorough a throttle in accordance with an expression obtained on the basis of the law of conservation of energy, the law of conservation of momentum, and the law of conservation of mass. An intake pipe model M3 estimates the pressure Pm and temperature Tm of air within an intake pipe in accordance with an expression obtained on the basis of the law of conservation of mass and the law of conservation of energy. An intake valve model M4 estimates the flow rate mc of air passing around an intake valve in accordance with an expression obtained on the basis of the law of conservation of energy, the law of conservation of momentum, the law of conservation of mass, the equation of state, and the like. A cylinder model M5 estimates the pressure Pc and air temperature Tc within a cylinder in accordance with an expression obtained on the basis of the law of conservation of energy regarding the cylinder.