Abstract: A device for measuring ultra-high speed phenomenon by using an optical beam. The ultra-high speed phenomenon can be measured at a high S/N ratio by composing either an object light or a reflected light from an object and a reference light using a polarizer, by generating a secondary higher harmonic from the composed light using a non-linear optical material, and by measuring the optical intensity of the secondary higher harmonic using a light receiving element.

Abstract: An optical frequency synthesizer and/or sweeper, whereby a coherent optical output light is obtained by using a wavelength stabilized laser and an optical phase locked loop wherein the frequency of the output has the characteristics of high accuracy, high stability and narrow spectral line width. The optical phase locked loop comprises a tunable laser, an optical frequency multiplier, an optical frequency shifter and an optical heterodyne detector, wherein the optical phase locked loop is capable of precisely outputting an arbitrary wavelength by feeding back an output optical frequency.

Abstract: An optical frequency synthesizer and/or sweeper, whereby a coherent optical output light is obtained by using a wavelength stabilized laser and an optical phase locked loop wherein the frequency of the output has the characteristics of high accuracy, high stability and narrow spectral line width. The optical phase locked loop comprises a tunable laser, an optical frequency multiplier, an optical frequency shifter and an optical heterodyne detector, wherein the optical phase locked loop is capable of precisely outputting an arbitrary wavelength by feeding back an output optical frequency.

Abstract: An optical frequency analyzer for measuring an optical frequency spectrum with high accuracy, high resolving power and high stability by heterodyne detecting the incident light with the aid of a local oscillator, wherein the local oscillator comprises an optical frequency synthesizer/sweeper or a marker signal attached tunable laser. The optical frequency analyzer can be modified to measure the incident light itself as the object of measurement or light emerging from the object of measurement can be the incident light.

Abstract: Light relative to non-modulated output light emitted from a semiconductor laser is applied to an absorption cell. Frequency modulating signals are converted into amplitude modulation signals of the output light through a modulating means by utilizing absorptive properties of the absorption cell. Transmissive light outputs of the absorption cell are synchronously rectified by a lock in amplifier, and an electric current supplied to the semiconductor laser is controlled so that the output signals of the lock in amplifier are arranged to be a predetermined value. The wavelength of the output light is locked to the absorption line of the standard substance in the absorption cell. Advantageously, the invention stabilizes the instantaneous value of the oscillation frequency.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for hot lubricated metal extrusion in which a billet is extruded into a solid or tubular form by means of a die and/or a mandrel with an organic lubricant interposed within a container, the method comprising feeding a combustion improver or a mixture of a combustion improver and water into an extruded product thereby burning off the carbide of the lubricant deposited on the surfaces of the extruded product.

Abstract: A thermal noise thermometer operating on the principle that the temperature of a resistor is related to the magnitude of the thermal noise signal produced in the resistor. The thermoseter comprises a temperature-sensing resistor, a shot noise source, means for selectively applying shot noise signals from the shot noise source to the resistor, a DC amplifier for amplifying the DC signal produced in the resistor, an AC amplifier for amplifying the AC signal produced in the resistor, and means for calculating the temperature to be measured from the output signal of the AC amplifier produced when the shot noise signal is applied to the resistor, the output signal of the AC amplifier produced when no shot noise signal is applied to the resistor, and the output signal of the DC amplifier.

Abstract: A resonance thermometer utilizing nuclear quadrupole resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance or like resonance-absorption phenomenon. The thermometer includes an oscillator for oscillatively detecting a resonance in a resonant material, a means for modulating the oscillation frequency of the oscillator at a low frequency, a first detecting means with a short time constant for detecting a component from the modulated output of the oscillator, and a second detecting means with a long time constant for detecting a component from the modulated output of the oscillator. The oscillator frequency is swept in linear ramp fashion at high speed until an output from the first detecting means occurs, at which point the frequency sweep is stopped. The precise resonance-absorption frequency of the resonant material then is found by using the output of the second detecting means, and the temperature is derived from the precise resonance-absorption frequency.