Abstract: Since a cross section of at least a partial segment of a first core has a step-like shape including a quadrilateral shape of a main part and a quadrilateral shape of a protruding part protruding from the main part, respective effective refractive indices of TE polarized waves in the first core and in the second core differ from each other.

Abstract: A planar optical waveguide element includes: a substrate; and an optical waveguide comprising a core and a cladding, the core being provided on the substrate so as to include first and second core regions arranged in parallel, the cladding having a smaller refractive index than the core. Also, the core forms a preceding-stage mode conversion portion that converts a mode of input light and a subsequent-stage mode conversion portion that converts a mode of light output from the preceding-stage mode conversion portion, and the first and second core regions are spaced apart from each other at an input end of the subsequent-stage mode conversion portion, and a gap between the first and second core regions is continuously decreased along the light waveguide direction such that the first and second core regions are in contact with each other at an output end of the subsequent-stage mode conversion portion.

Abstract: Since a cross section of at least a partial segment of a first core has a step-like shape including a quadrilateral shape of a main part and a quadrilateral shape of a protruding part protruding from the main part, respective effective refractive indices of TE polarized waves in the first core and in the second core differ from each other.

Abstract: A planar optical waveguide device, includes: two input portions that are waveguides that have the same width, are parallel to each other, and have rectangular cross-sections; a wide portion that is a linear waveguide and is connected after the two input portions; a tapered portion that is connected after the wide portion and that is a multi-mode waveguide which has a tapered shape having a width decreasing gradually and through which at least TE1 propagates; and an output portion that is connected after the tapered portion and that is a multi-mode waveguide which has a rectangular cross-section and through which at least TE1 propagates. The planar optical waveguide device forms a high-order mode conversion combining element that outputs the TE0, which is input to the two input portions, as the TE1 from the output portion.

Abstract: A polarization conversion device includes: a directional coupler that includes an input side optical waveguide and an output side optical waveguide which are disposed in parallel to each other and each of which has a core. Assuming that a direction in which the input side optical waveguide and the output side optical waveguide face each other is a width direction and a direction perpendicular to the width direction is a height direction in a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of each of the input side optical waveguide and the output side optical waveguide, and the directional coupler is configured to couple first light guided through the input side optical waveguide to second light guided through the output side optical waveguide, the polarization direction of the second light is perpendicular to that of the first light.

Abstract: A polarization conversion device includes: a directional coupler that includes an input side optical waveguide and an output side optical waveguide which are disposed in parallel to each other and each of which has a core Assuming that a direction in which the input side optical waveguide and the output side optical waveguide face each other is a width direction and a direction perpendicular to the width direction is a height direction in a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of each of the input side optical waveguide and the output side optical waveguide, and the directional coupler is configured to couple first light guided through the input side optical waveguide to second light guided through the output side optical waveguide, the polarization direction of the second light is perpendicular to that of the first light.

Abstract: A housing device for housing communication circuits and equipment which includes a frame which can receive a plurality of printed boards, each printed board comprising a communication circuit and circuit cables disposed along the frame. A test jack testing the circuit is disposed at the front end of each printed board, and a connector, which is connected to a connector mounted on the frame, disposed at the rear end of the printed board. The test jack includes further includes first and second leads within a molded body, the opening of each jack being disposed at the front side of the printed board so that the insertion direction is parallel with the printed board. The first and second loads are formed so that they contact each other in the neck of the jack, separate from each other at the rear side of the jack, and project out of said molded body.

Abstract: A rack for mounting a communication apparatus. The rack comprises a pair of right and left vertical side frames and a plurality of block-mounting plates for mounting at least one block which houses at least one printed board. The block-mounting plates are rectangular and are longitudinally disposed between the right and left vertical side frames. The at least one block is mounted on the front face of the block-mounting plates. The upper and lower portions of the block-mounting plates are folded frontward so as to form an upper reinforcing rim and a lower reinforcing rim. The right and left vertical side frames have an L-shaped horizontal cross section. The folded edges of the L-shaped right and left vertical side frames are arranged inward so as to face each other. The block-mounting plates have securing members along the left edge and the right edge thereof. The securing members project backward and have an L-shaped horizontal cross section.

Abstract: An electronic device comprising a printed circuit board unit contained in a protective cover, and which also serves as a guide member when the electronic device is inserted into a mounting chassis. The cover is constructed from a member formed in one piece, the member having cover portions and flexible hinge portions for permitting the cover portions to be pivotally moved with respect to each other between open and closed positions of the cover. The printed circuit board unit has a printed circuit board which is integrally formed at respective opposed ends with an electrical connector and a handle, which both project out of the cover. Such construction is simple and inexpensive to manufacture.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for issuing cards having recorded thereon a predetermined monetary value, which cards can be used by a customer to purchase tickets which are usable in automatic ticket gates of a commutation system. The apparatus receives, retains and invalidates a card presented by the customer and dispenses, from a supply of blank cards, a new card on which is recorded a monetary value equal to that of the card which has been presented plus that of any cash that has been presented to the apparatus. This monetary value may be magnetically recorded and may also be visually displayed by means of humanreadable symbols imprinted on the card.

Abstract: An automatic ticket vending system in which a stored value card previously issued to a customer is used to purchase a ticket which can be used in the existing conventional automatic ticket gate in which the tickets purchased from an ordinary coin-actuated ticket vending machine are used. When the card is used to purchase a ticket, the fare of the ticket purchased is subtracted from the monetary value of the card.