Abstract: An ion sensor includes an ion detection element, a reference electrode that provides a reference point of a potential, and a solution in which an ion concentration can be changed in a sensing area of the ion detection element. The sensing area of the ion detection element is disposed in the solution. A method for detecting a target substance employs an ion sensor. The target substance bound to a label having a function of changing the amount of ions detectable by the ion sensor is introduced into the solution, and a change in the amount of ions is detected using the ion sensor.

Abstract: Provided are an optical element that has a high diffraction efficiency and can be produced through a simple procedure, a method of producing the optical element, and a mask set for use in production of the optical element. The optical element of the present invention includes an optically anisotropic layer containing anisotropic molecules. The optically anisotropic layer includes a first region that is a region where the anisotropic molecules are not twist-aligned in a film thickness direction of the optically anisotropic layer, and a second region that is a region where the anisotropic molecules are twist-aligned in the film thickness direction of the optically anisotropic layer.

Abstract: Provided is a pharmaceutical composition for oral administration in which the solubility and/or dissolution properties of enzalutamide are improved and supersaturation is maintained. Also provided is a pharmaceutical composition for oral administration in which the oral absorbability of enzalutamide is improved. The pharmaceutical composition for oral administration comprises enzalutamide and polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: Provided are an active retarder for 3D image display with an improved balance of display quality between the left and right eyes and with sufficiently reduced crosstalk, and a display device using the same. The active retarder for 3D image display, the active retarder including: an optical laminate that includes: a pair of substrates; a pair of electrodes disposed between the pair of substrates; a liquid crystal layer formed from a liquid crystal material containing liquid crystal molecules; columnar spacers; and light-blocking components each shielding the corresponding columnar spacer from light limitedly.

Abstract: Provided is an optical element including a phase difference layer. The phase difference layer is a laminate of n first phase difference layers and m second phase difference layers. The n first phase difference layers each contain first anisotropic molecules with tilt angles different between a viewing surface side and a back surface side. The m second phase difference layers each contain second anisotropic molecules with tilt angles different between a viewing surface side and a back surface side. Slow axes of the n first phase difference layers are in a same orientation. Slow axes of the m second phase difference layers are in a same orientation. The slow axes of the n first phase difference layers and the slow axes of the m second phase difference layers are anti-parallel to each other and are parallel to or perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer.

Abstract: Provided is an optical element including, sequentially from a viewing surface side toward a back surface side: a first polarizer; a negative C plate; a phase difference layer; and a second polarizer. A transmission axis of the first polarizer is parallel to a transmission axis of the second polarizer. The phase difference layer contains anisotropic molecules. In the phase difference layer, a tilt angle of the anisotropic molecules on a viewing surface side in the phase difference layer and a tilt angle of the anisotropic molecules on a back surface side in the phase difference layer are the same as each other and greater than 0°. A slow axis of the phase difference layer, in a case of lying in a tilt direction of the anisotropic molecules, is parallel to or perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer.

Abstract: A program recorded on a computer-readable recording medium causes a processor of a server apparatus communicable with a game apparatus capable of executing a game and delivering a video to a terminal apparatus, to perform a method of: acquiring, from a game apparatus that executes a game, video information indicating a game video of the game; and delivering, to the terminal apparatus, the game video indicated by the video information. The delivering includes, with the game apparatus having generated specific information indicating that the game video is a specific video, delivering to the terminal apparatus a specific advertisement for a specific commercial item associated with the specific video in response to acquiring the video information and the specific information from the game apparatus.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. Each pixel includes a reflective region and a transmissive region. The first substrate includes a reflective layer, an interlayer insulating layer provided to cover the reflective layer, and a pixel electrode provided on the interlayer insulating layer in each pixel. The interlayer insulating layer has a recess portion which is defined by a bottom surface and an inclined side surface and at least a part of which is located in the transmissive region. A depth of the recess portion of the interlayer insulating layer is 0.5 ?m or more, and an inclination angle of the inclined side surface of the recess portion is 25° or less.

Abstract: Provided is an optical element including a phase difference layer. The phase difference layer is a laminate of n first phase difference layers and m second phase difference layers. The n first phase difference layers each contain first anisotropic molecules with tilt angles different between a viewing surface side and a back surface side. The m second phase difference layers each contain second anisotropic molecules with tilt angles different between a viewing surface side and a back surface side. Slow axes of the n first phase difference layers are in a same orientation. Slow axes of the m second phase difference layers are in a same orientation. The slow axes of the n first phase difference layers and the slow axes of the m second phase difference layers are anti-parallel to each other and are parallel to or perpendicular to the transmission axis of the first polarizer.

Abstract: A viewing angle-controlling liquid crystal panel sequentially includes a first polarizing plate; a first liquid crystal panel; a second polarizing plate; a second liquid crystal panel; and a third polarizing plate, wherein an azimuthal angle ?P1 of the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate, an azimuthal angle ?1 of a director of liquid crystal molecules near the first substrate and an azimuthal angle ?2 of a director of liquid crystal molecules near the second substrate in the first liquid crystal panel, an azimuthal angle ?P2 of the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate, an azimuthal angle ?3 of a director of liquid crystal molecules near the third substrate and an azimuthal angle ?4 of a director of liquid crystal molecules near the fourth substrate in the second liquid crystal panel, and an azimuthal angle ?P3 of the absorption axis of the third polarizing plate satisfy specific formulas.

Abstract: A viewing angle-controlling liquid crystal panel sequentially includes a first polarizing plate; a first liquid crystal panel; a second polarizing plate; a second liquid crystal panel; and a third polarizing plate, wherein an azimuthal angle ?P1 of the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate, an azimuthal angle ?1 of a director of liquid crystal molecules near the first substrate and an azimuthal angle ?2 of a director of liquid crystal molecules near the second substrate in the first liquid crystal panel, an azimuthal angle ?P2 of the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate, an azimuthal angle ?3 of a director of liquid crystal molecules near the third substrate and an azimuthal angle ?4 of a director of liquid crystal molecules near the fourth substrate in the second liquid crystal panel, and an azimuthal angle ?P3 of the absorption axis of the third polarizing plate satisfy specific formulas.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device and a polarizing plate capable of improving the contrast ratio in the front direction. The polarizing plate includes a pair of polarizers including a first polarizer and a second polarizer whose transmission axes are parallel to each other; a retarder between the paired polarizers; and a diffusion layer in at least one of a region between the paired polarizers or a region on a side without the retarder of the first polarizer.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes an annealing control unit, a spin interaction memory, a random number generation unit, and a spin state update unit and obtains a solution by using an Ising model. The annealing control unit controls an annealing step and a parameter of a temperature and a parameter of a self-action. The spin interaction memory stores the interaction coefficient of a spin. The random number generation unit generates a predetermined random number. The spin state update unit includes a spin buffer that stores values of a plurality of spins, an instantaneous magnetic field calculation unit that calculates instantaneous magnetic fields of the plurality of spins, a probability calculation unit that calculates update probabilities of the plurality of spins, and a spin state determination unit that updates the values of the spins based on the update probabilities and a random number.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal panel including in the following order an active matrix substrate, a liquid crystal layer, and a counter substrate. The active matrix substrate includes in the following order a first electrode and a second electrode including a first linear electrode portion extending in a first direction. The counter substrate includes a third electrode including second linear electrode portions extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, and a fourth electrode including an island-shaped electrode portion as a floating electrode. The island-shaped electrode portion is disposed between the second linear electrode portions in a plan view, overlaps an optical aperture of one of two pixels adjacent to each other along the second direction, and does not overlap an optical aperture of the other of the two pixels.

Abstract: Provided is a display device in which warping of a display panel is sufficiently reduced or prevented. The display device includes: a display panel; and a polarizer, the polarizer being provided with at least one notch that extends inward from an outer edge of the polarizer.

Abstract: An optical element includes, sequentially from a viewing surface side toward a back surface side: a viewing-surface-side polarizer; a retarder; and a back-surface-side polarizer, a transmission axis of the viewing-surface-side polarizer and a transmission axis of the back-surface-side polarizer being parallel to each other, the optical element having an average angle ? between an angle ?1 and an angle ?2 of greater than 0° and smaller than 90°, wherein the angle ?1 represents an angle formed by an optical axis of the retarder on a surface close to the back surface with the surface close to the back surface; and the angle ?2 represents an angle formed by an optical axis of the retarder on a surface close to the viewing surface with the surface close to the viewing surface.

Abstract: A control system assists generation of a distribution content item representing progress of a video game played by a user. The control system includes at least one memory that stores a program; and at least one processor that executes the program to (i) provide the user with address information representing an address of material data on an effect material used for the distribution content item, (ii) under a control condition set in accordance with instructions from the user, update the material data in conjunction with progress of the video game played by the user, and (iii) in conjunction with the progress of the video game played by the user, transmit the material data to the editing system based on a request that uses the address information from an editing system that generates the distribution content item.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device having high luminance and high CR in a front direction and especially useful as a head-mounted liquid crystal display device, for example. The liquid crystal display device includes: a liquid crystal panel; an optical element; and a backlight, arranged in this order from a viewing surface side. The optical element includes a first polarizer, a retardation layer, and a second polarizer. The first polarizer, the retardation layer, and the second polarizer are arranged in this order from the viewing surface side. The first polarizer and the second polarizer are reflection polarizers. A reflection axis of the first polarizer and a reflection axis of the second polarizer are parallel to each other. In oblique directions at azimuths of 0°, 45°, and 90° at a polar angle of 60°, a polarization state of light incident on the first polarizer is elliptical polarization.

Abstract: Provided are 3D glasses capable of reducing crosstalk when disposed on the viewer side of a liquid crystal panel that is time-divisionally driven; an optical device including the 3D glasses; and a three-dimensional image display device including the optical device. The 3D glasses include a right-eye polarizer and a left-eye polarizer, the right-eye polarizer and the left-eye polarizer each including a polarizing plate and a first ?/4 plate, at least one of the right-eye polarizer or the left-eye polarizer including a phase difference layer on or behind a back surface side of the polarizing plate, wherein a phase difference introduced by the right-eye polarizer in a thickness direction at a wavelength of 550 nm is different from a phase difference introduced by the left-eye polarizer in the thickness direction at a wavelength of 550 nm.

Abstract: Provided are an optical element that can achieve both color difference control and luminance reduction at an oblique viewing angle, and a liquid crystal display device including the optical element and having excellent display quality. The optical element includes: a first polarizer; a first phase difference layer; a second phase difference layer; and a second polarizer, the first polarizer, the first phase difference layer, the second phase difference layer, and the second polarizer being arranged in the stated order, the first phase difference layer satisfying the formula nx>ny?nz, the second phase difference layer satisfying the formula nz>nx?ny, the first polarizer and the second polarizer being linear polarizers, transmission axes of the first polarizer and the second polarizer being parallel to each other, a slow axis of the first phase difference layer being orthogonal to a polarization axis of the first polarizer.