Abstract: Lengths of both sides of each end plane of a light-intensity distribution uniformizing element receiving a light flux of an F-number of 1 are set to ½ of those of a reflecting surface of a reflection type optical-spatial modulator element, position information of uniformed light fluxes output from the light-intensity distribution uniformizing element is Fourier-transformed into diverging angle information indicated by incident light fluxes output from a first group of lenses, a relay deformed diaphragm intercepts an interference component of each incident light flux, which is expected to interfere with an outgoing light flux, to produce asymmetric light fluxes, the asymmetric light fluxes are incident on the reflection type optical-spatial modulator element, a projection lens deformed diaphragm removes stray light from outgoing light fluxes output from the reflection type optical-spatial modulator element, and an image is displayed according to the outgoing light fluxes.

Abstract: A pressurizing forming process includes the steps of applying a higher fatty acid-based lubricant on a surface of a metallic workpiece and/or a forming surface of a forming tool, and forming, wherein a lubricating film including metallic soap is formed on a pressurized-and-contacted interface, at which the surface of the metallic workpiece and the surface of the forming tool are pressed against and are brought into contact with each other, in forming the metallic workpiece by pressurizing with the forming tool. The metallic workpiece and/or the forming tool can be heated prior to or in the forming step.

Abstract: A diesel engine idle speed control system and method wherein a preset running characteristic map is corrected by a learning value updated on the basis of the output of a PID under predetermined conditions for each of different engine load modes, thereby determining a desired injection quantity. The map indicates a relationship between an engine speed and a fuel injection quantity for each of accelerator openings, including an accelerator opening of zero percent. A judgment is made on the present load mode of the engine, and a basic injection quantity corresponding to the present accelerator opening and engine speed is calculated from the running characteristic map. When the vehicle operating condition is in an idle mode, learning is executed so as to optimize a feedback correction quantity used for feedback control for each load mode, and a corrected basic injection quantity is calculated from the basic injection quantity and the learning value. Relearning is executed according to a predetermined condition.

Abstract: In an injection timer for a fuel injection system in which control of the timer shifts from feedback control to open loop control when the engine rotation rate is equal to or less than a specific rotation rate, a decision is made as to whether or not the operation is at startup time and, if it is, decision making for the engine rotation rate is canceled and feedback control is maintained even if the engine rotation rate is equal to or less than the specific rotation rate. Because of this, in a fuel injection system which is capable of maintaining the pump chamber pressure at a high level even at low engine rotation rates, the injection timing device can achieve both an improvement in accuracy of injection timing control and anti-pollution measures at startup.

Abstract: In a fuel injection system for a vehicle engine, the fuel injection is controlled in a feedback mode when no abnormality occurs in the control system, and it is controlled in an open loop mode by a limp home circuit when any abnormality in the control system is detected by a watch dog timer. The vehicle may thus be slowly driven to a safe or proper place for servicing. The limp home circuit includes fuel cutoff means for interrupting the fuel supply to the engine in the open loop mode of operation when the rotational speed of the engine exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: A fuel injection device includes an actuator for positioning an adjusting member to establish a fuel injection level. A correcting device such as a resistor is provided to compensate for any positional deviation of the adjusting member during assembly of the fuel injection device. A value of the correcting device is read and compared with an actuator correction value previously stored in a read/write memory such as an E.sup.2 PROM. If the value of the correcting device is within normal parameters and differs from the prestored actuator correction value, the prestored actuator correction value is overwritten using the value of the correcting device to obtain a new stored actuator correction value. The actuator correction value stored in the read/write memory is used to correct the position of the adjusting member.

Abstract: In a fuel injection timing control apparatus for fuel injection pumps having a pressure response type timer in which the timer is controlled to make an actual injection time conincident with a target injection time through PID control, a control constant for the PID control is determined so as to avoid the influence of a reaction force caused by the fuel injection.

Abstract: A system for checking a malfunction in a controller. The controller includes a microcomputer connected between an input and output terminal of the controller. The microcomputer is programmed to perform a normal control mode, to perform a self-checking mode, and to judge whether conditions of entry into the self-checking mode are met so as to select one of the two modes. An external circuit is connected between the input and output terminals of the controller so as to establish a predetermined relation between the voltage levels of the input and output terminals. In the self-checking mode, the microcomputer outputs a control signal for setting the output terminal to one of high and low logic voltage levels.

Abstract: For controlling a solenoid actuator in PID control mode in response to input control information, the temperature of the coil of the solenoid actuator is detected or estimated, and the constant or constants necessary for PID control calculation are determined taking into account the resulting temperature. The input control information is subjected to the processing operation for PID control operation by the use of the determined constant or constants, whereby desired PID control characteristics can be obtained irrespective of changes in the temperature of the coil of the solenoid actuator. As a result, in particular, the step response and other dynamic characteristics can be improved.

Abstract: A peak hold circuit and a sample-and-hold circuit are provided for accurately and immediately detecting variations in a load connected to a generator. The peak hold circuit holds a peak voltage of a waveform voltage signal having an amplitude corresponding to the magnitude of the load. The peak hold circuit is responsive to a reset signal from a reset circuit to be reset during a time interval between a point after the peak of the waveform voltage signal and a point before a subsequent peak of the waveform voltage signal, so that the peak hold circuit is reset, thereby renewing the peak voltage held in the peak hold circuit. When the sample-and-hold circuit receives a sampling instruction signal from a sampling instruction circuit during a time interval between a point after the peak of said waveform voltage signal and a point before said reset signal is outputted, the sample-and-hold circuit operates in a sampling mode to sample the peak voltages outputted from the peak hold circuit.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay includes a flat base made of an insulating material, two flexure type electromagnetic relay blocks fixed on the base so as to be point symmetrical with the center of the base and having the same structure, a first contact member including two make contacts respectively opposing the movable contacts of the two electromagnetic relay blocks and at least one first terminal inserted into a first through hole formed in a central portion of the base, and a second contact member including two break contacts respectively opposing the movable contacts of the two electromagnetic relay blocks and at least one second terminal inserted into a second through hole formed in a central portion of the base.

Abstract: A trouble detecting method and apparatus for detecting trouble in either of a first pulse generator for generating first pulses and a second pulse generator for generating N second pulses between each pair of successive first pulses. The number of the second pulses produced between each pair of successive first pulses is repeatedly counted and it is detected whether or not the result of the count is cyclically more than a first predetermined value and whether or not the maximum count cyclically reaches a second predetermined value. On the basis of the results of the detections the determination is made as to whether either of the pulse generators has malfunctioned and if so which.

Abstract: In the closed-loop control system responsive to an average speed of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine for obtaining a target idling engine speed, there is provided an optically activatable individual cylinder control system for eliminating the difference between the outputs of the respective cylinders. The closed-loop control system has a data processing circuit for processing control data for the closed-loop control system and enabling the use of the closed-loop control system for at least proportional and integral control, and the control constant used in the data processing circuit is changed depending upon whether or not the individual cylinder control system is used, whereby stable individual cylinder control can be realized.

Abstract: An idling operation control apparatus consists of a closed-loop control system responsive to an average speed of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine for obtaining a target idling engine speed. In the closed-loop control system, there is provided an individual cylinder control system in which a first data relating to outputs of respective cylinders of the engine is produced in response to an operation timing of the engine and the differential data showing the difference between the output of the respective cylinder and the output of a reference cylinder is calculated on the basis of the first data. A second control data relating to the fuel amount necessary for nullifying the difference indicated by the differential data is also produced in the latter system and the second data is supplied to the closed-loop control system, whereby the difference among the outputs of the cylinder is reduced.