Abstract: The integrated controller calculates the required lubricant flowrate required for lubricating the friction element corresponding to a selected position on the basis of a rotation speed difference in the friction element corresponding to the selected position, and increases the lubricant flowrate supplied to the friction element corresponding to the selected position immediately after switching is made between the forward position and the reverse position and supplies the lubricant flowrate larger than the required lubricant flowrate to the friction element corresponding to the selected position.

Abstract: In a cooling structure in a clutch having drive plates and driven plates, a lower limit of a width of each of dot grooves is set to a width a at which a flow quantity of lubricating oil passing through each of the dot grooves becomes a minimum flow quantity at which the drive plates and the driven plates can be cooled to a temperature equal to or lower than an upper limit temperature (Tmax) and an upper limit of the width of each of the dot grooves is set to a width b at which an air content in lubricating oil passing through each of the dot grooves becomes a maximum air content at which, according to lubricating oil having the air content, the drive plates and the driven plates can be cooled to a temperature equal to or lower than the upper limit temperature (Tmax).

Abstract: In a cooling structure in a clutch having drive plates and driven plates, a lower limit of a width of each of dot grooves is set to a width a at which a flow quantity of lubricating oil passing through each of the dot grooves becomes a minimum flow quantity at which the drive plates and the driven plates can be cooled to a temperature equal to or lower than an upper limit temperature (Tmax) and an upper limit of the width of each of the dot grooves is set to a width b at which an air content in lubricating oil passing through each of the dot grooves becomes a maximum air content at which, according to lubricating oil having the air content, the drive plates and the driven plates can be cooled to a temperature equal to or lower than the upper limit temperature (Tmax).

Abstract: The integrated controller calculates the required lubricant flowrate required for lubricating the friction element corresponding to a selected position on the basis of a rotation speed difference in the friction element corresponding to the selected position, and increases the lubricant flowrate supplied to the friction element corresponding to the selected position immediately after switching is made between the forward position and the reverse position and supplies the lubricant flowrate larger than the required lubricant flowrate to the friction element corresponding to the selected position.

Abstract: A phase-shift distributed-feedback semiconductor laser includes an electrode for injecting a current to the entire area of the semiconductor laser. The laser also includes portions each for shifting an optical phase by a 1/4 wavelength at at least three locations, the number of which is an odd number. These portions are formed in a light propagation direction of the phase-shift distributed-feedback semiconductor laser structure.

Abstract: Input and output devices for an optical fiber include an acoustic transducer for generating a planar acoustic wave tilted at an angle with respect to the axis of an optical fiber embraced by a quartz block. The gap between the optical fiber and the quartz block is filled with a liquid, such as water, to obtain acoustic impedance matching. A desired mode of propagating light can be extracted from the fiber or injected therein by reflection under Bragg's condition through a glass block and optical system without cutting or damaging the optical fiber.