Abstract: An optical writing apparatus includes: a light source panel including light emitting elements arranged on an elongate glass substrate; an optical member that causes emergent light to form an image; a first holding member holding the optical member; and a second holding member holding the glass substrate, wherein legs are provided below the first holding member on sides of both ends, the legs extending downward, drooping ends of the legs being mounted and fixed on the second holding member, one end of the glass substrate is positioned inside the space, an integrated circuit being provided, a through hole is provided to an upper surface of the second holding member, and when cooling air for the integrated circuit flows into the space, the cooling air is guided through the through hole to a side of a lower surface of the upper surface of the second holding member.

Abstract: An optical print head, including: an elongated substrate having a line-shaped region in which light-emitting elements are arranged; an optical member condensing light from the light-emitting elements onto an irradiation target; a holding member holding the optical member; a base member holding the substrate and the holding member; an integrated circuit mounted in a first region in proximity of an end in a longitudinal direction of the substrate on a first surface of the substrate facing the base member, heat being generated in the integrated circuit during optical writing; and a thermally conductive member between the integrated circuit and the base member. In the optical print head, the holding member has a support portion contacting the substrate in a second region at a position differing from the first region in plan view on a second surface of the substrate not facing the base member.

Abstract: An optical writing device performing optical writing with a light-emitting element, performing light amount switching, and including: a unit estimating a first value corresponding to a current amount for causing the element to emit a first light amount immediately after the switching; a unit supplying to the element, from immediately after the switching, a current amount corresponding to a first digital value acquired by quantizing the first value; a unit estimating a time amount through which a current amount for keeping the element emitting the first light amount increases from the current amount for causing the element to emit the first light amount immediately after the switching to a current amount corresponding to a second digital value greater than the first digital value by one step; and a unit supplying to the element, when the time amount elapses after the switching, the current amount corresponding to the second digital value.

Abstract: A Si/Mn ratio of steel material components of a base material is not less than 0.27 nor more than 0.90 in mass ratio, an internal oxide layer having a thickness of not less than 1 ?m nor more than 30 ?m is provided right below an oxide scale of a steel sheet surface layer portion, and regarding the internal oxide layer, an internal oxide in a crystal grain of the internal oxide layer is an oxide containing Si and having a thickness of not less than 10 nm nor more than 200 nm in a crystal grain in a range of greater than 0% and 30% or less of a thickness of the internal oxide layer from an interface between the internal oxide layer and base iron toward a direction of the surface layer oxide scale, one or more branches of the internal oxide exist in a cross section of 1 ?m×1 ?m square, and in any crystal grain boundary having a length of 1 ?m, one or more of the internal oxides in the crystal grain are connected to an internal oxide of the crystal grain boundary to form a net-like structure.

Abstract: An optical writing device including: a current-driven light-emitting element; a thin film transistor configured to supply the light-emitting element with a drive current based on a luminance signal to put the light-emitting element in an on state; and a controller configured to, for each line of an image page, correct a first value of the luminance signal to yield a second value of the luminance signal, and to supply the thin film transistor with the luminance signal at the second value. The second value compensates for a light amount fluctuation of the light-emitting element that is dependent upon an emission/non-emission history, from an initial line of the image page to the line, of a first continuous period where the light-emitting element is kept in the on state and a second continuous period where the light-emitting period is kept in an off state.

Abstract: An optical writing device including: a current-driven light-emitting element; a thin film transistor configured to supply the light-emitting element with a drive current based on a luminance signal to put the light-emitting element in an on state; and a controller configured to, for each line of an image page, correct a first value of the luminance signal to yield a second value of the luminance signal, and to supply the thin film transistor with the luminance signal at the second value. The second value compensates for a light amount fluctuation of the light-emitting element that is dependent upon an emission/non-emission history, from an initial line of the image page to the line, of a first continuous period where the light-emitting element is kept in the on state and a second continuous period where the light-emitting period is kept in an off state.

Abstract: An optical writing device adopting a low cost and simple structure can obtain temperatures of light emitting elements. The device comprises a plurality of light emitting elements arranged linearly in a main scanning direction. The amount of light emitting of the light emitting elements changes by self-generated heat. The light emitting elements are divided into a plurality of groups. Each of the groups includes a prescribed number of light emitting elements. The device comprises a control unit for calculating the amount of heat generation of the light emitting elements for each of groups from clock time t0 to clock time t0+?t. The control unit calculates the temperature for each of the groups at the clock time t0+?t, based on the amount of heat generation from the clock time t0 to the clock time t0+?t and the temperature at the clock time t0.

Abstract: An optical writing device driving a light-emitting element array, modulating light according to a screening pattern that expresses a dithered image, and performing optical writing by focusing light emitted from the light-emitting element array through a lens array onto a photoreceptor. The optical writing device includes an acquisition unit that acquires a write start position for writing to the photoreceptor in a main scanning direction and a control unit that performs a control when the write start position corresponds to an i-th light-emitting element from a reference position that corresponds to a first light-emitting element in the main scanning direction, i being a positive integer greater than 1, wherein the control unit supplies pixel values to the i-th light-emitting element onwards, the pixel values being assigned from pixels of the screening pattern from an i-th pixel onwards, from a leading pixel of the screening pattern in the main scanning direction.

Abstract: A light emitting device configured to cause a series circuit in which an OLED is connected to a thin film transistor to emit light by applying a predetermined voltage to the thin film transistor includes: a forward direction voltage estimating unit configured to estimate a forward direction voltage in a case where the OLED is caused to emit light at a set light quantity; a driving current amount estimating unit configured to estimate a driving current amount required for causing the OLED to emit light at the set light quantity; a source-drain voltage calculating unit configured to calculate a source-drain voltage applied to the thin film transistor from the predetermined voltage and the forward direction voltage; and a gate-source voltage determining unit configured to determine a gate-source voltage of the thin film transistor corresponding to the source-drain voltage in a case where the driving current amount is a drain current.

Abstract: An optical writing device adopting a low cost and simple structure can obtain temperatures of light emitting elements. The device comprises a plurality of light emitting elements arranged linearly in a main scanning direction. The amount of light emitting of the light emitting elements changes by self-generated heat. The light emitting elements are divided into a plurality of groups. Each of the groups includes a prescribed number of light emitting elements. The device comprises a control unit for calculating the amount of heat generation of the light emitting elements for each of groups from clock time t0 to clock time t0+?t. The control unit calculates the temperature for each of the groups at the clock time t0+?t, based on the amount of heat generation from the clock time t0 to the clock time t0+?t and the temperature at the clock time t0.

Abstract: An optical writing device performing optical writing with a light-emitting element, performing light amount switching, and including: a unit estimating a first value corresponding to a current amount for causing the element to emit a first light amount immediately after the switching; a unit supplying to the element, from immediately after the switching, a current amount corresponding to a first digital value acquired by quantizing the first value; a unit estimating a time amount through which a current amount for keeping the element emitting the first light amount increases from the current amount for causing the element to emit the first light amount immediately after the switching to a current amount corresponding to a second digital value greater than the first digital value by one step; and a unit supplying to the element, when the time amount elapses after the switching, the current amount corresponding to the second digital value.

Abstract: In a food transfer heat treatment apparatus using a spiral transfer belt, heat treatment gas blowing means and a heat treatment gas circulating method for enhancing the heat transfer efficiency between a heat treatment gas and food and for improving the heat treatment effect are realized to expand the degree of freedom for the layout of the apparatus and to simplify the assembly. Provided is a spiral transfer heat treatment apparatus comprising endless conveyer belts (2) for circulating the food (f) in a store room (1), and a spiral moving unit (3) for causing a heat treatment gas (c) to act on the food (f) while transferring the food (f) on the conveyer belts (2).

Abstract: A tempering treatment method whereby the temperature of meat, which involves a carcass prepared by slaughtering cattle or poultry and sterilizing and washing, is lowered as close to the ice storage temperature as possible to prevent a temperature rise caused by the actions of enzymes contained within the meat before transporting the meat to a refrigerated storage, which comprises surface-freezing the meat by blowing a cold air stream at about ?20 to about ?40° C. to the meat before conducting the tempering treatment, thus allowing the generation of freezing latent heat in the subcutaneous part owing to the surface-freezing (freezing the subcutaneous tissue), and then rapidly lowering the core temperature inside the meat due to the latent heat released at the melting of the freezing latent heat to thereby conduct the tempering treatment at a temperature of 0 to +15° C.

Abstract: A martensitic stainless steel for welded structures including by mass %, C: 0.001 to 0.05%, Si: 0.05 to 1%, Mn: 0.05 to 2%, P: 0.03% or less, REM: 0.0005 to 0.1%, Cr: 8 to 16%, Ni: 0.1 to 9% and sol. Al: 0.001 to 0.1%; and further including one or more elements selected from among Ti: 0.005 to 0.5%, Zr: 0.005 to 0.5%, Hf: 0.005 to 0.5%, V: 0.005 to 0.5% and Nb: 0.005 to 0.5%; and O: 0.005% or less, N: 0.1% or less, with the balance being Fe and impurities; and the P and REM content satisfies: P?0.6×REM. This steel possesses excellent SCC (stress corrosion cracking) resistance in welded sections in Sweet environments.

Abstract: An ammonia/CO2 refrigeration system is provided in which the ammonia cycle and CO2 brine cycle can be combined without problems even when refrigeration load such as refrigerating showcase, etc. is located at any place in accordance with circumstances of customer's convenience. The system comprises apparatuses working on an ammonia refrigerating cycle, a brine cooler for cooling and condensing CO2 by utilizing the latent heat of vaporization of the ammonia, and a liquid pump provided in a supply line for supplying the cooled and liquefied CO2 to a refrigeration load side cooler, wherein said liquid pump is a variable-discharge pump for allowing CO2 to be circulated forcibly, and the forced circulation flow is determined so that CO2 is recovered from the outlet of the cooler of the refrigeration load side in a liquid or liquid/gas mixed state.

Abstract: In a food transfer heat treatment apparatus using a spiral transfer belt, heat treatment gas blowing means and a heat treatment gas circulating method for enhancing the heat transfer efficiency between a heat treatment gas and food and for improving the heat treatment effect are realized to expand the degree of freedom for the layout of the apparatus and to simplify the assembly. Provided is a spiral transfer heat treatment apparatus comprising endless conveyer belts (2) for circulating the food (f) in a store room (1), and a spiral moving unit (3) for causing a heat treatment gas (c) to act on the food (f) while transferring the food (f) on the conveyer belts (2).

Abstract: A tempering treatment method whereby the temperature of meat, which involves carcass prepared by slaughtering cattle or poultry and sterilizing and washing, is lowered as close to the ice storage temperature as possible to prevent a temperature rise caused by the actions of enzymes contained within the meat before transporting the meant to a refrigerated storage, which comprises surface-freezing the meat by blowing a cold air stream at about ?20 to about ?40° C. to the meant before conducting the tempering treatment, thus allowing the generation of freezing latent heat in the subcutaneous part owing to the surface-freezing (freezing the subcutaneous tissue), and then rapidly lowering the core temperature inside the meat due to the latent heat released at the melting of the freezing latent heat to thereby conduct the tempering treatment at a temperature of 0 to +15° C.

Abstract: A martensitic stainless steel for welded structures including by mass %, C: 0.001 to 0.05%, Si: 0.05 to 1%, Mn: 0.05 to 2%, P: 0.03% or less, REM: 0.0005 to 0.1%, Cr: 8 to 16%, Ni: 0.1 to 9% and sol. Al: 0.001 to 0.1%; and further including one or more elements selected from among Ti: 0.005 to 0.5%, Zr: 0.005 to 0.5%, Hf: 0.005 to 0.5%, V: 0.005 to 0.5% and Nb: 0.005 to 0.5%; and O: 0.005% or less, N: 0.1% or less, with the balance being Fe and impurities; and the P and REM content satisfies: P?0.6×REM. This steel possesses excellent SCC (stress corrosion cracking) resistance in welded sections in Sweet environments.

Abstract: An ammonia/CO2 refrigerating system having a liquid pump for feeding the liquid CO2 cooled in a brine cooler by the utilization of the vaporization latent heat of ammonia in an ammonia refrigeration cycle to a cooler, which comprises a liquid receiving vessel 4 for receiving a CO2 brine cooled in a brine cooler 3, a liquid pump 5 capable of changing the rate of the feed of a liquid, a rising piping 90 provided between the liquid pump 5 and a cooler 6, and a communication pipe 100 for communicating the top of the riser pipe 90 with the CO2 gas phase in the liquid receiving vessel 4, wherein the discharge pressure of the liquid pump 5 is set so as for the CO2 recovered form the cooler 3 or the liquid receiver 4 in the state of a liquid or a gas-liquid mixture, and the level of the rise in the rising piping 90 is set at a level being the same as or higher than the highest storage level for the CO2 brine in the liquid receiving vessel 4.

Abstract: An ammonia/CO2 refrigerating system having a liquid pump for feeding the liquid CO2 cooled in a brine cooler by the utilization of the vaporization latent heat of ammonia in an ammonia refrigeration cycle to a cooler, which comprises a liquid receiving vessel 4 for receiving a CO2 brine cooled in a brine cooler 3, a liquid pump 5 capable of changing the rate of the feed of a liquid, a rising piping 90 provided between the liquid pump 5 and a cooler 6, and a communication pipe 100 for communicating the top of the riser pipe 90 with the CO2 gas phase in the liquid receiving vessel 4, wherein the discharge pressure of the liquid pump 5 is set so as for the CO2 recovered form the cooler 3 or the liquid receiver 4 in the state of a liquid or a gas-liquid mixture, and the level of the rise in the rising piping 90 is set at a level being the same as or higher than the highest storage level for the CO2 brine in the liquid receiving vessel 4.