Abstract: A train control device (20) to be installed on a train (10) includes an acquisition unit (21) that obtains first pulses from a velocity sensor (31) for detecting the first pulses generated on a first axle of the train (10) and obtains second pulses from a velocity sensor (32) for detecting the second pulses generated on a second axle of the train (10), a storage unit (22) that stores the first pulses and the second pulses, and a control unit (23) that determines occurrence or non-occurrence of a slip or a slide of the train (10) based on a pulse ratio, where the pulse ratio is a ratio between a number of first pulses detected during a time period in which the train (10) traveled a given distance among the first pulses, and a number of second pulses detected during a time period in which the train (10) traveled the given distance among the second pulses.

Abstract: A train control device includes: a control unit that calculates a control speed of the train at a current position with respect to a target speed at a target position of the train, by using a travel distance from the current position to the target position of the train, an altitude difference between the current position and the target position, a braking force of a brake device of the train, first potential energy including an influence of an altitude difference based on a gradient of the track in a section from a head position to a tail position of the train at the current position, and second potential energy including an influence of an altitude difference based on a gradient of the track in a section from a head position to a tail position of the train at the target position.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing readily soluble granular substances from powdered materials such as, for example, coffee, milk and the like. The apparatus has a vertical outer hollow cylindrical body for allowing quantities of powdered material from a distributor to fall by gravity therethrough, and a vertical inner hollow cylindrical body of different length and diameter inside the outer cylindrical body. The two concentric cylindrical bodies partly overlap each other and define a circumferential gap therebetween extending along the overlapping portion. A pneumatic air supply is provided on the outer cylindrical body for introducing compressed air into the outer body and producing a whirling air stream in the gap so that the powdered material carried by the whirling air stream forms a thin, ring-like continuous curtain.