Abstract: A push switch includes a case having a housing space with an upper opening, fixed contacts provided at a bottom of the housing space in the case, a movable contact member having a dome-shaped member, the movable contact member being disposed in the housing space, and having a central portion that is brought into contact with the fixed contacts by inverting the movable contact member in response to the movable contact member being pushed by an operator, and a pushing member is disposed above the movable contact member, and the pushing member is configured to push the movable contact portion directly or through other portions upon being pushed by the operator. The pushing member pushes a portion being situated outside of a central portion of the movable contact member directly or through other portions.

Abstract: A large Group III nitride crystal of high quality with few defects such as a distortion, a dislocation, and warping is produced by vapor phase epitaxy. A method for producing a Group III nitride crystal includes: a first Group III nitride crystal production process of producing a first Group III nitride crystal 1003 by liquid phase epitaxy; and a second Group III nitride crystal production process of producing a second Group III nitride crystal 1004 on the first crystal 1003 by vapor phase epitaxy. In the first Group III nitride crystal production process, the surfaces of seed crystals 1003a (preliminarily provided Group III nitride) are brought into contact with an alkali metal melt, a Group III element and nitrogen are cause to react with each other in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere in the alkali metal melt, and the Group III nitride crystals are bound together by growth of the Group III nitride crystals grown from the seed crystals 1003a to produce a first crystal 1003.

Abstract: A method for producing a group 13 nitride single crystal includes dissolving and crystal growing. The dissolving includes dissolving nitrogen in a mixed melt in a reaction vessel that contains the mixed melt, a seed crystal, and a surrounding member. The mixed melt contains an alkali metal and a group 13 metal. The seed crystal is a seed crystal that is placed in the mixed melt and includes a group 13 nitride crystal in which a principal face is a c-plane. The surrounding member is arranged so as to surround the entire area of a side face of the seed crystal. The crystal growing includes growing a group 13 nitride crystal on the seed crystal.

Abstract: A large Group III nitride crystal of high quality with few defects such as a distortion, a dislocation, and warping is produced by vapor phase epitaxy. A method for producing a Group III nitride crystal includes: a first Group III nitride crystal production process of producing a first Group III nitride crystal 1003 by liquid phase epitaxy; and a second Group III nitride crystal production process of producing a second Group III nitride crystal 1004 on the first crystal 1003 by vapor phase epitaxy. In the first Group III nitride crystal production process, the surfaces of seed crystals 1003a (preliminarily provided Group III nitride) are brought into contact with an alkali metal melt, a Group III element and nitrogen are cause to react with each other in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere in the alkali metal melt, and the Group III nitride crystals are bound together by growth of the Group III nitride crystals grown from the seed crystals 1003a to produce a first crystal 1003.

Abstract: A multi-channel audio system is constituted using at least one line array speaker unit, in which plural speakers are arrayed in line, wherein the same audio signal is supplied with a prescribed delay time to each of the speakers, thus forming plural sound beams. The plural sound beams are reflected on a wall surface and a ceiling of a room so as to form plural virtual sound sources surrounding a listening position, and emission directions and intensities of the sound beams are controlled so as to localize a phantom at a prescribed position based on the plural virtual sound sources. By appropriately arranging plural line array speaker units horizontally, vertically, and slantingly in such a way that each line array speaker unit forms sound beams distributed and spread in a sectorial form, it is possible to realize a surround audio system having a high degree of freedom with regard to setup positions for forming virtual sound sources.

Abstract: Provided is a durable abrasive article which can conform even to a surface of a complicated shape and has an excellent abrasive power and which does not give any deep flaw to become a problem at a subsequent step and is not broken even when used in sanding the surface of the complicated shape. The abrasive article comprises a flexible resin film, an abrasive grain layer formed on the surface of the resin film, and an extremely flexible resin layer formed on the abrasive grain layer, wherein the flexible resin film has a thickness of 10 to 200 ?m, a tensile strength of 30 to 130 MPa and an elongation of 3 to 250%, wherein the abrasive grains of the abrasive grain layer are of P280 to P12, and wherein the extremely flexible resin layer has a 100% M of 1 to 20 MPa, a tensile strength of 20 to 90 MPa and an elongation of 250 to 1000%.

Abstract: A structure of a substrate used for growing a crystal layer of a semiconductor, particularly a group-III nitride semiconductor and its manufacturing method. The substrate comprises two porous layers on a base. The mean opening diameter of the pores of the first porous laser, the outermost layer, is smaller than the means diameter of the pores in the second porous layer nearer to the base than the first porous layer. The first and second porous layers have volume porosities of 10 to 90%. More then 50% of the pores of the first porous layer extend from the surface of the first porous layer and reach the interface between the first and second porous layers. Even by a conventional crystal growing method, an epitaxial crystal of low defect density can be easily grown on the porous substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a durable abrasive article which can conform even to a surface of a complicated shape and has an excellent abrasive power and which does not give any deep flaw to become a problem at a subsequent step and is not broken even when used in sanding the surface of the complicated shape. The abrasive article comprises a flexible resin film, an abrasive grain layer formed on the surface of the resin film, and an extremely flexible resin layer formed on the abrasive grain layer, wherein the flexible resin film has a thickness of 10 to 200 ?m, a tensile strength of 30 to 130 MPa and an elongation of 3 to 250%, wherein the abrasive grains of the abrasive grain layer are of P280 to P12, and wherein the extremely flexible resin layer has a 100% M of 1 to 20 MPa, a tensile strength of 20 to 90 MPa and an elongation of 250 to 1000%.

Abstract: A visible image is formed on an optical disk by using an optical disk recording apparatus that forms a pit with a length defined by recording data (EFM-modulated data) by applying a laser beam onto the optical disk. At least a part of the recording data are replaced with the visible image forming data to generate the recording data containing visible image forming data. When the recording data containing the visible image forming data are recorded on the optical disk, the visible image forming data are extracted from the recording data to act as a gate signal. The visible image is formed by forming a pit defined by the recording data in an area of the gate signal.

Abstract: An audio characteristic correction system adapted to an audio surround system in which a sound emitted from a directional speaker (an array speaker) is reflected on a wall surface or a sound reflection board so as to create a virtual speaker, at least one of frequency-gain characteristics, frequency-phase characteristics, and gain of an audio signal input to the directional speaker is corrected such that the sound reflected on the wall surface or the sound reflection board has desired audio characteristics at a desired listening position.

Abstract: A system and method of drawing a visible image on an optical disk are provided. The optical disk is rotated while a optical pickup irradiates a laser beam onto the optical disk to draw the visible image on the optical disk. The rotating state of the optical disk is detected. The optical pickup is fed in a radial direction of the optical disk. An irradiating position of the laser beam is controlled relative to the optical disk by fixing the laser beam in the radial direction of the optical disk during one rotation of the optical disk, and shifting the irradiating position of the laser beam by a first distance in the radial direction each time one rotation of the optical disk is detected. The optical pickup is fed in the radial direction by a second distance the optical disk has rotated a predetermined number of rotations.

Abstract: A visible image forming method is performed for forming a visible image on an optical disk by an optical disk recording apparatus, which is designed for applying a laser beam onto an optical disk according to first recording data of a predetermined format to form pits having lengths specified by the first recording data. First, a generating step is performed for generating second recording data by embedding image formation data of a visible image in a part of a predetermined format which is the same as predetermined for the first recording data. Second, an extracting step is performed for extracting the image formation data of the visible image from the second recording data of the predetermined format. Then, a forming step is performed for forming pits in the optical disk according to the extracted image formation data so as to form the visible image on the optical disk.

Abstract: The present invention includes a film or video image pickup signal recording/reproduction system having an image pickup apparatus outputting an image pickup signal, a recording apparatus recording the image pickup signal, a reproduction apparatus reproducing the recorded signal, a characteristic conversion apparatus switching the characteristic of the reproduced signal, and a display apparatus displaying the signal output from the characteristic conversion apparatus. The image pickup apparatus has two kinds of gamma curve characteristics. The gamma curve characteristic data is recorded by the recording apparatus and extracted by the reproduction apparatus. The gamma curve characteristic of a reproduction image is switched by the characteristic conversion apparatus depending on the data. The image is output on a display apparatus.

Abstract: A method is designed for recording contents information along a track of an optical disk of a writeable type. A volume detection step is carried out for detecting an actual volume of the contents information to be recorded into the optical disk. A capacity detection step is carried out for detecting a nominal capacity of the optical disk, which indicates a rated volume of information to be recorded at maximum. A density determination step is carried out for determining a recording density of the contents information based on the detected actual volume and the detected nominal capacity. A recording step is carried out for recording the contents information into the optical disk at the determined recording density such that the actual volume of the contents information can fit into the nominal capacity of the optical disk.

Abstract: A system and method of drawing a visible image on an optical disk are provided. The optical disk is rotated while a optical pickup irradiates a laser beam onto the optical disk to draw the visible image on the optical disk. The rotating state of the optical disk is detected. The optical pickup is fed in a radial direction of the optical disk. An irradiating position of the laser beam is controlled relative to the optical disk by fixing the laser beam in the radial direction of the optical disk during one rotation of the optical disk, and shifting the irradiating position of the laser beam by a first distance in the radial direction each time one rotation of the optical disk is detected. The optical pickup is fed in the radial direction by a second distance the optical disk has rotated a predetermined number of rotations.

Abstract: The receiving terminal apparatus of a broadcasting system includes a receiving unit configured to receive coupon information that includes service additional information and coupon indirect information used to issue a coupon, the service additional information including user profile information that designates a requirement to identify target viewers. A managing unit is provided that is configured to store and manage attribute information of a user of the receiving terminal apparatus. A determining unit is provided to determine whether the attribute information of the user stored by the managing unit meets the requirement designated by the user profile information, and to display the coupon information when it is determined that the attribute information of the user managed by the managing unit meets the requirement designated by the user profile information. A method is also disclosed using the apparatus in order to display the coupon information if the designated requirements are met.

Abstract: A metal layer is formed directly on a nitride-based compound semiconductor base layer over a substrate body. The metal layer includes at least one metal exhibiting an atomic interaction, with assistance of a heat treatment, to atoms constituting the base layer to promote removal of constitutional atoms from the base layer, whereby pores penetrating the metal layer are formed, while many voids are formed in the nitride-based compound semiconductor base layer. An epitaxial growth of a nitride-based compound semiconductor crystal is made with an initial transient epitaxial growth, which fills the voids, and a subsequent main epitaxial growth over the porous metal layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a group III nitride semiconductor substrate with low defect density as well as small warp and a process for producing the same; for instance, the process according to the present invention comprises the following series of steps of: forming a metallic Ti film 63 on a sapphire substrate 61, followed by treatment of nitration to convert it into a TiN film 64 having fine pores; thereafter growing a HVPE-GaN layer 66 thereon; forming voids 65 in the HVPE-GaN layer 66 by means of effects of the metallic Ti film 63 and the TiN film 64; and peeling the sapphire substrate 61 from the region of the voids 65 to remove it therefrom.

Abstract: An audio characteristic correction system adapted to an audio surround system in which a sound emitted from a directional speaker (an array speaker) is reflected on a wall surface or a sound reflection board so as to create a virtual speaker, at least one of frequency-gain characteristics, frequency-phase characteristics, and gain of an audio signal input to the directional speaker is corrected such that the sound reflected on the wall surface or the sound reflection board has desired audio characteristics at a desired listening position.

Abstract: In an array speaker system that performs multi-channel reproduction using an array speaker constituted by arraying a plurality of speaker units in a matrix manner, a left channel signal, a right channel signal, and a center channel signal, all of which instruct reproduction of sound at a front side of a listener, are subjected to weighting using weight coefficients based on a Bessel function so as to drive the speaker units, thus realizing spherical sound emission characteristics. In addition, a surround left channel signal and a surround right channel signal, both of which instruct reproduction of sound at a rear side of the listener, are subjected to beam processing, whereby sound is reflected on a sound reflection position such as a wall surface or a ceiling and is then emitted in the form of a sound beam reaching the rear side of the listener.