Abstract: A straddle-type vehicle comprises a front cowling covering a front portion of a vehicle body; and an aerodynamic device including an aerodynamic force generating section which generates a downforce by air flowing in a rearward direction along an upper surface of the front cowling, and the aerodynamic force generating section is placed to overlap with the upper surface of the front cowling, when viewed from above.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member that can output an image having less image defects due to a ghost phenomenon not only under a normal-temperature, normal-humidity environment but also under a low-temperature, low-humidity environment as a particularly severe condition. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer formed on the support, in which the photosensitive layer includes a gallium phthalocyanine crystal containing a specific amine compound in itself.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a rotor according to the present invention includes: a process of stacking a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates on a jig 30 to fix the electromagnetic steel plates to the jig 30, and a process of inserting magnets 21 into a plurality of respective openings 11 included in a rotor core 10 in which the plurality of electromagnetic steel plates are stacked on one another. The magnets 21 are inserted into the respective openings 11 while a structure 80 including the rotor core 10 and the jig 30 is vibrated at a resonance frequency of the structure 80.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a developer bearer and a toner pattern bearer rotatable in a given direction of rotation to bear an adjustment toner pattern formed with the developer bearer. A toner pattern detector detects an amount of reflection light reflected by the adjustment toner pattern on the toner pattern bearer. A controller performs an adjustment mode to convert the detected amount of reflection light into a toner adhesion amount of toner of the adjustment toner pattern adhered to the toner pattern bearer. The controller forms an adhesion amount suppressing toner image on an upstream region on the toner pattern bearer that is upstream from the adjustment toner pattern in the direction of rotation of the toner pattern bearer. The upstream region is defined by a circumferential length of the developer bearer in the direction of rotation of the toner pattern bearer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an endless belt-shaped image bearer that is rotatably supported and entrained around rollers; a transfer member positioned to contact an outer surface of the image bearer; a transfer device to transfer a toner image conveyed while being carried on the outer surface of the image bearer onto a transfer medium conveyed between the image bearer and the transfer member; a toner image sensor to detect the toner image transferred onto the transfer medium; and a conveyance speed controller to fine-tune a conveyance speed of the transfer medium. Based on fine-tuning data of the conveyance speed controller, a detection result of the toner image sensor is corrected and image forming conditions are corrected based on the corrected detection result.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing belt of a multi-layer structure, a toner image forming device, a nip forming device a transfer power source, an environment-condition detector, and a controller. The toner image forming device forms a toner image on a surface of the image bearing belt. The transfer power source outputs a transfer bias including a superimposed voltage, in which a direct current voltage is superimposed on an alternating current voltage to transfer the toner image from the image bearing belt onto a recording medium at a transfer nip. The environment-condition detector detects an environment condition. The controller controls the transfer bias output from the transfer power source to perform a bias switching process to switch the transfer bias between a transfer bias including the superimposed voltage and a transfer bias including a direct current voltage based on a detected result of the environment-condition detector.

Abstract: The cushioning-material surface layer 11a includes a resin layer 12 disposed on one side of the surface layer 11a to cover the side thereof, a rubber layer 13 disposed on the other side of the surface layer 11a to cover the side thereof, and a woven fabric layer 14 disposed between the resin layer 12 and rubber layer 13 and including bulked yarns for at least one of warp and weft. The woven fabric layer 14 includes a woven fabric-resin composite layer 17 disposed on the resin layer 12 side and formed by impregnating part of the woven fabric with resin that forms the resin layer 12, and a woven fabric-rubber composite layer 18 disposed on the rubber layer 13 side and formed by impregnating part of the woven fabric with rubber that forms the rubber layer 13. The woven fabric layer 14 includes interstices 20 therein.

Abstract: A thermally conductive resin filler including a sintered body containing at least magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, and silicon oxide, the thermally conductive filler being characterized in that, when the molar number of calcium element contained in the total composition of the sintered body in terms of calcium oxide (CaO) is defined as MCa, and the molar number of silicon element contained in the total composition of the sintered body in terms of silicon oxide (SiO2) is defined as MSi, the molar ratio of the calcium oxide (CaO) to the silicon oxide (SiO2) represented by MCa/MSi is in the range of 0.1 or more and less than 2.0.

Abstract: An ozone generator generates ozone gas; a gas-liquid mixer mixes the ozone gas and a liquid; a liquid storage tank separates an introduced gas-liquid mixture into gas and a liquid; a circulation path circulates gas among the ozone generator, the gas-liquid mixer and the liquid storage tank; and an opening and closing control means controls a flow of gas flowing out through a gas outlet port of the liquid storage tank in accordance with a stored liquid amount in the liquid storage tank. As a result, the stored liquid amount of the liquid stored in the liquid storage tank can be adjusted.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a developer bearer and a toner pattern bearer rotatable in a given direction of rotation to bear an adjustment toner pattern formed with the developer bearer. A toner pattern detector detects an amount of reflection light reflected by the adjustment toner pattern on the toner pattern bearer. A controller performs an adjustment mode to convert the detected amount of reflection light into a toner adhesion amount of toner of the adjustment toner pattern adhered to the toner pattern bearer. The controller forms an adhesion amount suppressing toner image on an upstream region on the toner pattern bearer that is upstream from the adjustment toner pattern in the direction of rotation of the toner pattern bearer. The upstream region is defined by a circumferential length of the developer bearer in the direction of rotation of the toner pattern bearer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image information acquisition unit that acquires image information; a toner image formation unit that forms, in response to a control parameter, a toner image on a surface of an image carrier based on the image information; an image density detection unit that produces a detection result indicative of image density of the toner image; and a control unit that determines whether to use a predetermined region in the toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier based on the image information for a detection of the image density of the toner image, and when the predetermined region is determined to be used for the detection of the image density, corrects the control parameter used by the toner image formation unit based on the detection result so as to maintain the image density in the predetermined region within a predetermined range.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer to bear a black toner pattern formed with a black toner image under an increased exposure amount and an increased developing bias. A first optical sensor detects an amount of reflection light reflected by the black toner pattern on the image bearer. The first optical sensor includes a light-emitting element to emit light toward the black toner pattern on the image bearer and a light-receiving element to receive the reflection light reflected by the black toner pattern on the image bearer. A toner adhesion amount converter converts the amount of the reflection light detected by the first optical sensor into a toner adhesion amount of toner adhered to the image bearer and adjusts an image density according to the toner adhesion amount.

Abstract: A motorcycle of the present invention comprises a vehicle body; and a protruding section which is mounted to the vehicle body such that the protruding section protrudes from the vehicle body to at least one of right and left, and the protruding section has a structure which causes air to flow from front to back along an upper surface of the protruding section to generate a force for pushing the vehicle body downward.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an endless belt-shaped image bearer that is rotatably supported and entrained around rollers; a transfer member positioned to contact an outer surface of the image bearer; a transfer device to transfer a toner image conveyed while being carried on the outer surface of the image bearer onto a transfer medium conveyed between the image bearer and the transfer member; a toner image sensor to detect the toner image transferred onto the transfer medium; and a conveyance speed controller to fine-tune a conveyance speed of the transfer medium. Based on fine-tuning data of the conveyance speed controller, a detection result of the toner image sensor is corrected and image forming conditions are corrected based on the corrected detection result.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer; a charger to charge the image bearer; an electrostatic latent image former to form an electrostatic latent image on the image bearer; an image developer to develop the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a visual toner image; a transferer to transfer the toner image on a transfer material; a toner concentration calculator to calculate a concentration of the toner; and an optical detector. At least a toner patch image is formed on the image bearer with an irradiation quantity set such that an irradiated part potential is larger than a developing condition, the toner patch image is read by the optical detector, and the charging condition is corrected on the basis of a difference between a toner concentration of the toner patch image and a target toner concentration.

Abstract: A hot press cushioning material includes: a base material layer being in a form of a plate and containing fibers, and a penetrated portion made of a heat resistant elastic material and formed by causing the heat resistant elastic material to penetrate the base material layer inward from the outer end face thereof. The penetration depth of the penetrated portion as a distance from the outer end face of the base material layer is in the range of 0.1 mm to 10.0 mm, both inclusive.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor substrate suitable for a high withstand voltage power device is provided in which current collapse is controlled, while reducing leakage current. In a nitride semiconductor substrate, wherein a buffer layer, an active layer, and an electron supply layer, each comprising a group 13 nitride, are stacked one by one on a silicon single crystal substrate, the buffer layer has a structure where a multilayer stack in which a pair of nitride layers having different concentrations of Al or Ga are repeatedly deposited a plurality of times on an initial layer of AlxGa1?xN (0?x?1) is stacked, and includes a doping layer whose carbon concentration is 1×1018 to 1×1021 cm?3 and whose Si concentration is 1×1017 to 1×1020 cm?3, a thickness of the doping layer is 15% or more of the total thickness of the buffer layer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image information acquisition unit that acquires image information; a toner image formation unit that forms, in response to a control parameter, a toner image on a surface of an image carrier based on the image information; an image density detection unit that produces a detection result indicative of image density of the toner image; and a control unit that determines whether to use a predetermined region in the toner image formed on the surface of the image carrier based on the image information for a detection of the image density of the toner image, and when the predetermined region is determined to be used for the detection of the image density, corrects the control parameter used by the toner image formation unit based on the detection result so as to maintain the image density in the predetermined region within a predetermined range.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having improved sensitivity and capable of outputting an image having less image defects due to a ghost phenomenon not only under a normal-temperature, normal-humidity environment but also under a low-temperature, low-humidity environment as a particularly severe condition. The method of producing a gallium phthalocyanine crystal includes subjecting a gallium phthalocyanine and a specific amine compound, which are added to a solvent, to a milling treatment to perform crystal transformation of the gallium phthalocyanine. In addition, the gallium phthalocyanine crystal is used in the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: A hot press cushioning material (14a) includes: a first nonwoven fabric (15) forming an inner layer; and second nonwoven fabrics (16a, 16b) placed on both surfaces of the first nonwoven fabric (15) and forming outer layers. Copolymerized para-aramid fibers having a basis weight of 80 to 400 g/m2 are used as a material of the second nonwoven fabrics (16a, 16b). Fibers that are more rigid than the copolymerized para-aramid fibers are used as a material of the first nonwoven fabric (15). Each of the first nonwoven fabric (15) and the second nonwoven fabrics (16a, 16b) has a heat resistant temperature of 270° C. or more.