Abstract: A system includes an interface and a processor. The interface is configured to receive multiple electrophysiological (EP) signals from a tissue area along an ablation curve inside a cardiac chamber of a heart of a patient. The processor is configured to (i) generate local conduction vectors (LCVs) for the area based on the multiple EP signals, (ii) estimate a level of change between sets of LCVs along the ablation curve within the tissue area, and (iii) based on the level of change, identify a presence of a conduction gap in the ablation curve.

Abstract: A system includes a display and a processor. The display is configured to display at least a map of an organ having tissue including first and second surfaces that are facing one another. The processor is configured to: (i) receive a first position of a first lesion formed by ablating the first surface, (ii) calculate on the second surface, a second position that is facing the first position, and (iii) display, over the map, a marker indicative of the second position for guiding a user to produce in the tissue a second lesion facing the first lesion.

Abstract: Apparatus, including a probe having a distal end insertable into a nasal sinus of a human patient, and a location sensor positioned within the distal end. A sinuplasty balloon is positioned on the distal end at a selected opening of the nasal sinus. A processor receives first signals from the location sensor while the distal end is inserted into the nasal sinus and prior to positioning of the balloon at the selected opening, and generates a first map of the sinus. The processor inflates the balloon when it is at the selected opening, so as to enlarge the selected opening, and subsequently deflates the balloon. The processor then receives second signals from the location sensor and generates therefrom a second map of the sinus. The processor registers the first map with the second map and generates from the registered maps a numerical increase in size of the selected opening.

Abstract: A method includes calculating a medial-axis tree graph of a volume of an organ of a patient in a computerized anatomical map of the volume. A predefined number of major branches in the tree graph are identified. Using the identified major branches, one or more known anatomical opening regions of the volume are identified in the anatomical map.

Abstract: A method includes, receiving, on a surface of an anatomical map of a patient organ having a first presentation, a selection of a first selected region, which is intended to have a second presentation, different from the first presentation. A perimeter of the first selected region, and at least an unselected area positioned within the first selected region, are identified. A second selected region is produced, the second selected region includes the first selected region and the unselected area. The anatomical map, having the second presentation applied to the second selected region, is displayed.

Abstract: A method includes receiving an anatomical mapping that includes multiple measurements acquired at multiple respective locations within an organ of a patient. An estimated surface of the organ is computed based on the measurements. A three-dimensional (3D) shell of the organ, which extends inwards from the estimated surface of the organ and has a predefined thickness, is defined. A quality of the anatomical mapping is estimated based on the measurements whose locations fall within the 3D shell.

Abstract: A method includes calculating a medial-axis tree graph of a volume of an organ of a patient in a computerized anatomical map of the volume. A predefined number of major branches in the tree graph are identified. Using the identified major branches, one or more known anatomical opening regions of the volume are identified in the anatomical map.

Abstract: A method includes receiving an anatomical mapping that includes multiple measurements acquired at multiple respective locations within an organ of a patient. An estimated surface of the organ is computed based on the measurements. A three-dimensional (3D) shell of the organ, which extends inwards from the estimated surface of the organ and has a predefined thickness, is defined. A quality of the anatomical mapping is estimated based on the measurements whose locations fall within the 3D shell.

Abstract: A method includes inserting into a patient organ a catheter including a position sensor, a device and a handle. The position sensor is attached to a distal end of the catheter. The device is movable along the catheter. The handle includes a control for navigating the device along the catheter to a target location in the patient organ. Based on a location of the position sensor, a target position of the control on the handle that corresponds to the target location of the device is estimated. A marker is set to mark the target position of the control on the handle, and the device is navigated to the target location by setting the control to the marker.

Abstract: An apparatus, including a magnetic field generator, a first magnetic field sensor configured for attachment to a proximal end of a surgical tool configured for insertion into a body, and a calibration device that includes a second magnetic field sensor and a proximity sensor, wherein the field sensors generate respective location signals responsive to a magnetic field emanating from the generator and traversing the field sensors. The apparatus includes a control unit, which receives the signals from all the sensors, extracts respective location and orientation coordinates of the field sensors based on the signals, computes a conversion relation between the coordinates of the first sensor and a distal end of the tool that is brought into contact with the calibration device, and subsequently applies the conversion relation, together with the coordinates of the first sensor, in providing a visual indication of a location of the distal end inside the body.

Abstract: A method includes receiving an anatomical mapping that includes multiple measurements acquired at multiple respective locations within an organ of a patient. An estimated surface of the organ is computed based on the measurements. A three-dimensional (3D) shell of the organ, which extends inwards from the estimated surface of the organ and has a predefined thickness, is defined. A quality of the anatomical mapping is estimated based on the measurements whose locations fall within the 3D shell.

Abstract: A method includes calculating a center-of-mass of a volume of an organ of a patient in a computerized anatomical map of the volume. A location is found on the anatomical map, on a surface of the volume, that is farthest from the center-of-mass. The location is identified as a known anatomical opening of the organ.

Abstract: Apparatus, including a probe having a distal end insertable into a nasal sinus of a human patient, and a location sensor positioned within the distal end. A sinuplasty balloon is positioned on the distal end at a selected opening of the nasal sinus. A processor receives first signals from the location sensor while the distal end is inserted into the nasal sinus and prior to positioning of the balloon at the selected opening, and generates a first map of the sinus. The processor inflates the balloon when it is at the selected opening, so as to enlarge the selected opening, and subsequently deflates the balloon. The processor then receives second signals from the location sensor and generates therefrom a second map of the sinus. The processor registers the first map with the second map and generates from the registered maps a numerical increase in size of the selected opening.

Abstract: Apparatus, including a probe having a distal end insertable into a nasal sinus of a human patient, and a location sensor positioned within the distal end. A sinuplasty balloon is positioned on the distal end at a selected opening of the nasal sinus. A processor receives first signals from the location sensor while the distal end is inserted into the nasal sinus and prior to positioning of the balloon at the selected opening, and generates a first map of the sinus. The processor inflates the balloon when it is at the selected opening, so as to enlarge the selected opening, and subsequently deflates the balloon. The processor then receives second signals from the location sensor and generates therefrom a second map of the sinus. The processor registers the first map with the second map and generates from the registered maps a numerical increase in size of the selected opening.

Abstract: A method and system for automatic landmark registration and registration using trajectory information and shape sensing during an endoscopic procedure, such as bronchoscopy, are described herein. A segmentation centerline of airways of a lung may be generated based on a pre-operative computed tomography (CT) image of the lung. Landmarks may be automatically detected on the segmentation centerline corresponding to bifurcations in the airways of the lung. A location data point cloud of locations of a catheter through the airways of the lung during navigation may be generated. A bounding volume of the airways of the lung may be generated and a bounding volume centerline may be detected. Landmarks may be detected on the bounding volume centerline for the same bifurcations. Then, the two sets of landmarks may be mapped as part of registration. The trajectory information with shape sensing may be used to provide non-rigid or fine registration.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a computerized tomography (CT) image comprising voxels of a body part of a subject, segmenting the image so as to identify a surface of a skin and a surface of a bone in the image, measuring respective minimum distances to the bone from a plurality of points on the surface of the skin, and rendering an image of the surface of the skin while visually coding the rendered image so as to indicate the respective minimum distances.

Abstract: A method and system for automatic landmark registration and registration using trajectory information and shape sensing during an endoscopic procedure, such as bronchoscopy, are described herein. A segmentation centerline of airways of a lung may be generated based on a pre-operative computed tomography (CT) image of the lung. Landmarks may be automatically detected on the segmentation centerline corresponding to bifurcations in the airways of the lung. A location data point cloud of locations of a catheter through the airways of the lung during navigation may be generated. A bounding volume of the airways of the lung may be generated and a bounding volume centerline may be detected. Landmarks may be detected on the bounding volume centerline for the same bifurcations. Then, the two sets of landmarks may be mapped as part of registration. The trajectory information with shape sensing may be used to provide non-rigid or fine registration.

Abstract: A method includes calculating a center-of-mass of a volume of an organ of a patient in a computerized anatomical map of the volume. A location is found on the anatomical map, on a surface of the volume, that is farthest from the center-of-mass. The location is identified as a known anatomical opening of the organ.

Abstract: A method includes receiving locations of multiple ablation sites formed on a surface of a heart. Distances are measured among at least some of the ablation sites based on the locations. One or more gaps between the ablation sites, which meet an alerting criterion, are identified. The identified gaps are indicated to an operator.

Abstract: A method includes receiving an anatomical mapping that includes multiple measurements acquired at multiple respective locations within an organ of a patient. An estimated surface of the organ is computed based on the measurements. A three-dimensional (3D) shell of the organ, which extends inwards from the estimated surface of the organ and has a predefined thickness, is defined. A quality of the anatomical mapping is estimated based on the measurements whose locations fall within the 3D shell.