Abstract: A method for heating a semi-finished steel product, including a pre-heating step, performed in a pre-heating device including a chamber containing solid particles, a heat exchanger, a support able to support the semi-finished steel product, a gas injector, and a heating step, performed in a furnace, wherein, the pre-heating step includes the steps of i. injecting a gas into the first chamber so as to form a first fluidized bed, ii. heating the fluidized bed by the heat exchanger, iii. putting the semi-finished steel product, into the fluidized bed and onto the support such the fluidized bed is able to transfer heat to the semi-finished steel product, iv. taking out the semi-finished steel product when its temperature is from 200° C. to 1000° C., and the heating step includes the step heating the semi-finished product to a temperature from 1100 to 1400° C.

Abstract: A system (1) for handling semi-finished metal products (5) including a gripper (3) suitable to grasp at least one semi-finished product (5) laid on a surface (40), a conveyor configured to lift the gripping means (3) from a low position towards a high position, and a tilter (2) configured to rotate the gripper (3) in their high position around a rotation axis (X-X?).

Abstract: A method for detecting the presence of humidity on a surface of a flat strip, in particular a bare metal strip or of a coated metal strip having the following steps: blowing on the surface an impinging air flow producing an air flow deflected by the surface, the impinging air flow not being saturated, measuring a humidity content of at least a portion of the deflected air flow, comparing the humidity content of the impinging air flow and the deflected air flow, if said humidity content of the deflected air flow is superior to the humidity content of the impinging air flow, the presence of humidity on the surface of the bare metal strip or of the coated metal strip is detected.

Abstract: A steel substrate coated on at least one of its faces with a metallic coating based on zinc or its alloys wherein the metallic coating is itself coated with a zincsulphate-based layer—includes at least one of the compounds selected from among zincsulphate monohydrate, zincsulphate tetrahydrate and zincsulphate heptahydrate, wherein the zincsulphate-based layer has neither zinc hydroxysulphate nor free water molecules nor free hydroxyl groups, the surface density of sulphur in the zincsulphate-based layer being greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/m2. A corresponding treatment method is provided.

Abstract: An on-board computing apparatus and associated methods that process aircraft data gathered from aircraft, such as during flight of these aircraft, to pair aircraft during at least portions of a flight route. This enables collaborative airspace management. In certain cases, paired aircraft may be controlled to fly in formation, e.g. flown to maintain a defined separation distance within two- or three-dimensional space over a given period of time. Formation flying in this manner, with pairs of lead and follower aircraft, can allow a follower aircraft to take advantage of a vortex generated by the lead aircraft.

Abstract: A method of cooling of a flat metal product having a broad face and a temperature upper to 400° C., wherein the metal product is put in contact with a fluidized bed of solid particles, the solid particles having a direction of circulation (D) and capturing the heat released by the metal product and transferring the captured heat to a transfer medium wherein the metal product is put in contact with the solid particles so that its broad face is parallel to the direction (D) of circulation of the solid particles, a thermal cooling path of the metal product is defined, considering the product parameters of the metal product, a gas is injected for fluidizing the solid particles in a bubbling regime, the injection flow rate of said gas being controlled to match the defined cooling path of the metal product.

Abstract: A method of heat transfer wherein a flat metal product having a broad face and a temperature upper to 400° C. is put in contact with a fluidized bed of solid particles, the solid particles having a direction of circulation (D), wherein the flat metal product is put in contact with the solid particles so that its broad face is parallel to the direction (D) of circulation of the solid particles and wherein a gas is injected so that the solid particles be in a bubbling regime, the solid particles capturing the heat released by the metal product and transferring the captured heat to a transfer medium. An associated device is also provided.

Abstract: A steel substrate coated on at least one of its faces with a metallic coating based on zinc or its alloys wherein the metallic coating is itself coated with a zincsulphate-based layer—includes at least one of the compounds selected from among zincsulphate monohydrate, zincsulphate tetrahydrate and zincsulphate heptahydrate, wherein the zincsulphate-based layer has neither zinc hydroxysulphate nor free water molecules nor free hydroxyl groups, the surface density of sulphur in the zincsulphate-based layer being greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/m2. A corresponding treatment method is provided.

Abstract: An on-board computing apparatus and associated methods that process aircraft data gathered from aircraft, such as during flight of these aircraft, to pair aircraft during at least portions of a flight route. This enables collaborative airspace management. In certain cases, paired aircraft may be controlled to fly in formation, e.g. flown to maintain a defined separation distance within two- or three-dimensional space over a given period of time. Formation flying in this manner, with pairs of lead and follower aircraft, can allow a follower aircraft to take advantage of a vortex generated by the lead aircraft.