Abstract: Memory management processes allocate and recycle pages of replication data pointer (RDP) metadata space in shared memory. When the RDP page currently allocated to an IO thread becomes full, that RDP page is released, and a new RDP page is allocated to the IO thread. The released page eventually becomes fragmented and is added to a list of RDP pages that are ranked based on partial fullness. An IO thread that needs a new RDP page is allocated a mostly empty RDP page from the ranked list, if such a page is available. Otherwise, a new completely empty RDP page is allocated to the IO thread. Use of the ranked lists reduces latency associated with allocation of new RDP pages. Contention between IO threads for RDP metadata space is reduced because each IO thread has exclusive rights to the free RDP metadata space in its currently allocated page.

Abstract: Memory management processes allocate and recycle pages of replication data pointer (RDP) metadata space in shared memory. When the RDP page currently allocated to an IO thread becomes full, that RDP page is released, and a new RDP page is allocated to the IO thread. The released page eventually becomes fragmented and is added to a list of RDP pages that are ranked based on partial fullness. An IO thread that needs a new RDP page is allocated a mostly empty RDP page from the ranked list, if such a page is available. Otherwise, a new completely empty RDP page is allocated to the IO thread. Use of the ranked lists reduces latency associated with allocation of new RDP pages. Contention between IO threads for RDP metadata space is reduced because each IO thread has exclusive rights to the free RDP metadata space in its currently allocated page.

Abstract: There is provided a particle-filter comprising at least one hydrogel formed in aqueous solution at a temperature below 0° C. The filter can arrest particulates of smoke by physisorption on the solid surface of the gel or by chemisorption if the gel is suitably functionalized. The effectiveness of filter in arresting the solid particles and the pressure drop can be controlled by varying the porosity and the pore size distribution of the filter which in turn can be modulated by varying the monomer to water and monomer to cross-linker ratio in the pre-polymer solution. The filter is able to reduce the particle content of the smoke. There is further provided a cigarette comprising at least one particle-filter according as well as a method for the filtration of smoke.

Abstract: There is provided a particle-filter comprising at least one hydrogel formed in aqueous solution at a temperature below 0° C. The filter can arrest particulates of smoke by physisorption on the solid surface of the gel or by chemisorption if the gel is suitably functionalized. The effectiveness of filter in arresting the solid particles and the pressure drop can be controlled by varying the porosity and the pore size distribution of the filter which in turn can be modulated by varying the monomer to water and monomer to cross-linker ratio in the pre-polymer solution. The filter is able to reduce the particle content of the smoke. There is further provided a cigarette comprising at least one particle-filter according as well as a method for the filtration of smoke.