Abstract: A circuit that protects a current shunt or any analog measuring circuit without the implementation of fuses. In a particular embodiment, a circuit comprises a current shunt and a plurality of transistors that may be configured to function as a fuse. One of the transistors may be deactivated once the input voltage exceeds a negative threshold voltage. The other transistor may be deactivated once the input voltage exceeds a positive threshold voltage. By deactivating the transistors once the input voltage exceeds a negative or a positive threshold voltage, the transistors are configured to function as a fuse and provide input protection for a current shunt or for any analog measuring circuit. In another particular embodiment, a circuit provides protection for a first and second current shunt where the second current shunt is less in resistance than the first current shunt. The circuit further comprises a plurality of transistors that may be configured to function as a fuse.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a large block of frozen liquid having vertically-disposed heat transfer tubes positioned within an open-bottom, walled mold, and elevator means to raise and lower a platform or a tray to seal with the mold as a bottom to receive and retain the liquid. Once frozen, the block is removed by lowering the platform or tray in a controlled manner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the effects of ground loops in a thermocouple measurement device employing a differential amplifier for signal amplification. A resistor is coupled at the input of the differential amplifier to provide a DC ground reference. A capacitor is coupled in parallel to the resistor to compensate for AC noise and prevent the inputs from floating out of common mode range.