Abstract: A composition includes a plurality of stabilized nanobubbles and/or microbubbles. Each nanobubble and/or microbubble has a lipid membrane that defines at least one internal void, which includes at least one gas, the membrane including a plurality of lipids, an edge-activator, which is incorporated between lipids of the membrane and enhances the flexibility of the nanobubbles and/or microbubbles, and a membrane stiffener, which is incorporated on an outer surface of the membrane and enhances the membranes resistance to tearing.

Abstract: Hydrogel-coated proppants and methods for manufacture thereof. In preferred embodiments, the hydrogel coating is covalently attached and crosslinked to the proppant substrate in a core-shell structure. The enhanced proppant provides great flexibility in terms of functionalities that can be incorporated into the hydrogel coating. Also, the swelling behavior and mechanical properties of the hydrogel coating can be tailored as desired by varying the amounts of components in the composition such as monomer, crosslinker, polymer, silane comonomer, and initiator.

Abstract: A method of forming multilayer polymer composite particles includes coextruding a multilayer polymer composite sheet having alternating first and second polymer layers. The multilayer polymer composite sheet is divided into a plurality of anisotropic multilayer polymer composite microparticles.

Abstract: Hydrogel-coated proppants and methods for manufacture thereof. In preferred embodiments, the hydrogel coating is covalently attached and crosslinked to the proppant substrate in a core-shell structure. The enhanced proppant provides great flexibility in terms of functionalities that can be incorporated into the hydrogel coating. Also, the swelling behavior and mechanical properties of the hydrogel coating can be tailored as desired by varying the amounts of components in the composition such as monomer, crosslinker, polymer, silane comonomer, and initiator.