Abstract: A method may include transporting a water stream comprising water and a biocide from an upstream location to a downstream location, withdrawing a sample of the water stream to a sample collection and analyses system, preconditioning the sample, injecting the preconditioned sample into an online gas chromatography analyzer, measuring a concentration of the biocide in the sample via the online gas chromatography analyzer to obtain a measurement result, transmitting the measurement result to a control system, and adjusting by the control system, automatically injecting biocide into the water stream at the upstream location based on the biocide dosage requirement on either a batch, or semi-batch, or a continuous basis. A system for measuring and controlling biocide concentration in a water stream in a pipeline may include a sample probe, a cabinet heater, a filtering unit, an online gas chromatography analyzer, a control system, and an injection system.

Abstract: A Braille Copy Machine includes a processor configured to detect at least one Braille cell from a scanned image of an original Braille document. The detecting includes determining a coordinate and a code for the at least one Braille cell. The Braille Copy Machine also includes an embosser configured to create an embossed copy of the original Braille document based on the determined coordinate and code for the at least one Braille cell.

Abstract: A Braille Copy Machine includes a processor configured to detect at least one Braille cell from a scanned image of an original Braille document. The detecting includes determining a coordinate and a code for the at least one Braille cell. The Braille Copy Machine also includes an embosser configured to create an embossed copy of the original Braille document based on the determined coordinate and code for the at least one Braille cell.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor includes an aluminum oxide substrate and a thin-film resistor having a specific temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) disposed over the substrate. The temperature sensor further includes an aluminum oxide stress-relief layer covering the thin film resistor. The temperature sensor further includes a passivation layer covering the aluminum oxide stress-relief layer. The aluminum oxide stress-relief layer further has at least one resistor-trimming trench formed by removing a portion of the aluminum oxide stress-relief layer and thin-film resistor therefrom and the resistor-trimming trench is filled with a material of the passivation layer. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature sensor further includes a set of dummy pads for resistance-trimming measurement disconnected from the thin film resistor disposed on the substrate near the thin film resistor covered by the passivation layer.