Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and a process for manufacturing synthesis gases through the combustion, under lack of oxygen, of a hydrocarbon fuel by use of a gaseous oxidizer, the device comprises primary injection means (2) producing, following an axis (14), a jet of fuel and of part of the oxidizer in a combustion chamber of a reactor, said jet comprising a main flame substantially originating at the level of the primary injection means (2) and extending from the primary injection means.The device also includes secondary injection means for injecting a complementary amount of oxidizer into the combustion chamber, the secondary injection means being arranged to direct the complementary amount of oxidizer into the jet at a distance from the primary injection means.

Abstract: The present invention provides a burner for a reactor producing synthetic gas for conveying at least two fluids separately to a reaction zone, one serving as fuel and the other as combustive. It comprises a solid element in which are provided holes penetrating to different depths, these holes opening at one of their ends into the reactor and at the other either into fuel supply means or into combustive supply means depending on the fluid conveyed by the hole considered.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for producing synthetic gas by combustion of a fuel in a combustive agent deficient atmosphere, said combustive agent being gaseous, said device including first means for feeding the fuel and a part of the combustive gas into the reactor, and second means for feeding a second part of the combustive gas into the reactor, said second means including a porous wall defining at least a part of said reactor.

Abstract: The invention is directed to steam-cracking in a fluid bed reaction zone, of a charge of hydrocarbons having at least two carbon atoms per molecule.In this process the charge (3) circulates with steam (2) and inert solid particles, heated at a temperature T.sub.1 from 500.degree. to 1,800.degree. C., through at least one enclosure (7). A gas effluent is separated from the particles in the enclosure and fed to a quenching zone (8) opening into said enclosure. Said effluent is circulated with cooling second solid particles which are at a temperature T.sub.2 lower than T.sub.1 and at most equal to 800.degree. C. A steam-cracking effluent is then recovered through line (15).This process can be used in petrochemistry, particularly for producing ethylene and propylene.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for catalytic cracking in a reaction zone operated with a fluid or a moving bed is disclosed, wherein the charge is subjected to at least one pretreatment.According to the invention, at least a portion of said charge, as vapor 40, and at least a part of the catalyst particles 6, circulate at least in one enclosure 1, wherein at least said portion of charge, on the one hand, and said solid particles (of low catalytic activity), distinct from the catalyst particles, on the other hand, are contacted, said solid particles and said charge flowing, as a whole, in the same direction, either downwardly or upwardly in said enclosure 1, at a temperature substantially equal to the temperature prevailing at the inlet of the reaction zone. After stirring of the solid particles with the charge, the latter, free of the major part of the residual products, is separated at 27 from the solid particles and fed with the catalyst particles to the reaction zone 8.

Abstract: Heat generator comprising a combustion chamber, a circulating bed and a recovery boiler. The circulating bed and the combustion chamber have a common wall. The present invention may be used to achieve the combustion of high sulphur content fuels.

Abstract: The present invention provides a burner for the partial oxidation under pressure of a first fluid by the second fluid. This burner comprises two fluid introduction tubes, one being internal to the other, with each of the tubes comprising a plate, and with each plate having several holes and a plate of the external tube has holes placed opposite the holes in the internal plate.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exchanger and a method for achieving heat transfer between solid particles contained in an enclosure and the external environment.The device comprises a main enclosure and several auxiliary compartments separate from each other and at least one of said compartments comprises its own fluidization means.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for catalytic cracking in a reaction zone operated with a fluid or a moving bed is disclosed, wherein the charge is subjected to at least one pretreatment.According to the invention, at least a portion of said charge, as vapor 40, and at least a part of the catalyst particles 6, circulate at least in one enclosure 1, wherein at least said portion of charge, on the one hand, and said solid particles (of low catalytic activity), distinct from the catalyst particles, on the other hand, are contacted, said solid particles and said charge flowing, as a whole, in the same direction, either downwardly or upwardly in said enclosure 1, at a temperature substantially equal to the temperature prevailing at the inlet of the reaction zone. After stirring of the solid particles with the charge, the latter, free of the major part of the residual products, is separated at 27 from the solid particles and fed with the catalyst particles to the reaction zone 8.

Abstract: Fluidizing apparatus comprises a grid defining cavities and main fluidizing gas blower channels connected to these cavities. Complementary channels pass through openings in swellings at the intersections of the cavities. Their upper ends are above the level of the grid. They are adapted to blow a complementary gas into an active area disposed above each swelling. A heat exchanger is adapted to exchange heat with the fluidized bed. It comprises at least one tube shaped so as to extend over the grid and through a plurality of these active areas. The rate of heat exchange may be modified by altering the complementary gas flowrate, without modifying the fluidization velocity.

Abstract: The process comprises oxidation of alkali-metal-containing carbonaceous products at a temperature of at least 800.degree. C. in a fluidized bed of fire-proof particles capable of trapping or fixing the metal elements.